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gentle introduction to using some of the bibliography functionality available to LaTeX users beyond the BibTeX basics. This introduction won't be discussing how to create new styles or packages but rather how to use some existing ones. It is worth noting that ",[361,362,363],"em",{},"Harvard",", for example, is a ",[361,366,367],{},"citation"," style. It is associated with an alphabetical reference list secondarily ordered on date, but the only strictly defined element of ",[361,370,363],{}," style is the citation in ",[361,373,374],{},"author-date"," format.",[377,378,380],"h2",{"id":379},"the-example-data","The example data",[357,382,383],{},"The database used for the examples contains just the following:",[385,386,391],"pre",{"className":387,"code":388,"language":389,"meta":390,"style":390},"language-bibtex shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","@article{Erdos65,\n    title = {Some very hard sums},\n    journal = {Difficult Maths Today},\n    author = {Paul Erdős and Arend Heyting and Luitzen Egbertus Brouwer},\n    year = {1965},\n    pages = {30}\n}\n","bibtex","",[392,393,394,402,408,414,420,426,432],"code",{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,396,399],"span",{"class":397,"line":398},"line",1,[395,400,401],{},"@article{Erdos65,\n",[395,403,405],{"class":397,"line":404},2,[395,406,407],{},"    title = {Some very hard sums},\n",[395,409,411],{"class":397,"line":410},3,[395,412,413],{},"    journal = {Difficult Maths Today},\n",[395,415,417],{"class":397,"line":416},4,[395,418,419],{},"    author = {Paul Erdős and Arend Heyting and Luitzen Egbertus Brouwer},\n",[395,421,423],{"class":397,"line":422},5,[395,424,425],{},"    year = {1965},\n",[395,427,429],{"class":397,"line":428},6,[395,430,431],{},"    pages = {30}\n",[395,433,435],{"class":397,"line":434},7,[395,436,437],{},"}\n",[377,439,441],{"id":440},"the-limits-of-bibtex-styles","The limits of BibTeX styles",[357,443,444,445,448,449,453,454,456,457,460,461,464,465,468],{},"Using ",[392,446,447],{},"cite.sty"," and BibTeX makes it very easy to produce ",[450,451,452],"strong",{},"some"," bibliography styles. But ",[361,455,374],{}," styles - for example the often mentioned, never defined \"Harvard\" - are not so easy. It's true that you can download some ",[392,458,459],{},".bst"," files from CTAN that will handle some variants but using them is not always straightforward. This guide deals with ",[450,462,463],{},"Natbib"," a supplementary package that can access ",[392,466,467],{},".bib"," files and has sophisticated functionality for producing custom or default author-year format citations and bibliographies as well as the numerical styles handled by BibTeX.",[377,470,463],{"id":471},"natbib",[357,473,474,475,477,478,480],{},"Natbib is a package created by Patrick Daly as a replacement for the ",[392,476,447],{}," package when ",[361,479,374],{}," citation styles are required. Natbib provides three associated bibliography styles:",[482,483,484,490,495],"ul",{},[485,486,487],"li",{},[392,488,489],{},"plainnat",[485,491,492],{},[392,493,494],{},"abbrvnat",[485,496,497],{},[392,498,499],{},"unsrtnat",[357,501,502],{},"which correspond to the three styles available by default in BibTeX where you have a plain numbered style, an abbreviated numbered style and an unsorted numbered style.",[357,504,505],{},"Alongside these new styles is an extended set of citation commands to provide flexible citation formats. These are:",[385,507,511],{"className":508,"code":509,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"language-latex shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","\\citet[]{}\n","latex",[392,512,513],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,514,515],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,516,509],{},[357,518,519],{},"and",[385,521,523],{"className":508,"code":522,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep[]{}\n",[392,524,525],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,526,527],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,528,522],{},[357,530,531],{},"each of which has a number of variants.",[533,534,536],"h3",{"id":535},"the-preamble","The Preamble",[357,538,539],{},"All Natbib styles require that you load the package in your document preamble. A skeleton LaTeX file with Natbib might look like this:",[385,541,543],{"className":508,"code":542,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\documentclass[]{article}\n\\usepackage[round]{natbib}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\nDocument body text with citations.\n\n\\bibliographystyle{plainnat}\n\\bibliography{myrefs}\n\n\\end{document}\n",[392,544,545,550,555,561,566,570,575,579,585,591,596],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,546,547],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,548,549],{},"\\documentclass[]{article}\n",[395,551,552],{"class":397,"line":404},[395,553,554],{},"\\usepackage[round]{natbib}\n",[395,556,557],{"class":397,"line":410},[395,558,560],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":559},true,"\n",[395,562,563],{"class":397,"line":416},[395,564,565],{},"\\begin{document}\n",[395,567,568],{"class":397,"line":422},[395,569,560],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":559},[395,571,572],{"class":397,"line":428},[395,573,574],{},"Document body text with citations.\n",[395,576,577],{"class":397,"line":434},[395,578,560],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":559},[395,580,582],{"class":397,"line":581},8,[395,583,584],{},"\\bibliographystyle{plainnat}\n",[395,586,588],{"class":397,"line":587},9,[395,589,590],{},"\\bibliography{myrefs}\n",[395,592,594],{"class":397,"line":593},10,[395,595,560],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":559},[395,597,599],{"class":397,"line":598},11,[395,600,601],{},"\\end{document}\n",[603,604,606],"h4",{"id":605},"options","Options",[357,608,609,610,613],{},"Options available with Natbib can be specified in the brackets on the ",[392,611,612],{},"\\usepackage"," command. Among them are:",[615,616,617,630],"table",{},[618,619,620],"thead",{},[621,622,623,627],"tr",{},[624,625,626],"th",{},"Option",[624,628,629],{},"Effect",[631,632,633,644,656,666,676,689,699,709,719,729,739,749,762,772,782,792,802,812,822],"tbody",{},[621,634,635,641],{},[636,637,638],"td",{},[392,639,640],{},"round",[636,642,643],{},"() parentheses",[621,645,646,651],{},[636,647,648],{},[392,649,650],{},"square",[636,652,653,655],{},[395,654],{}," square brackets",[621,657,658,663],{},[636,659,660],{},[392,661,662],{},"curly",[636,664,665],{},"{} curly braces",[621,667,668,673],{},[636,669,670],{},[392,671,672],{},"angle",[636,674,675],{},"\u003C> angle brackets",[621,677,678,683],{},[636,679,680],{},[392,681,682],{},"semicolon",[636,684,685,686],{},"separate citations with ",[450,687,688],{},";",[621,690,691,696],{},[636,692,693],{},[392,694,695],{},"colon",[636,697,698],{},"as semicolon",[621,700,701,706],{},[636,702,703],{},[392,704,705],{},"comma",[636,707,708],{},"separate with commas",[621,710,711,716],{},[636,712,713],{},[392,714,715],{},"authoryear",[636,717,718],{},"author-year citations",[621,720,721,726],{},[636,722,723],{},[392,724,725],{},"numbers",[636,727,728],{},"numeric citations",[621,730,731,736],{},[636,732,733],{},[392,734,735],{},"super",[636,737,738],{},"superscript citations",[621,740,741,746],{},[636,742,743],{},[392,744,745],{},"sort",[636,747,748],{},"multiple citations are ordered as in bibliography",[621,750,751,756],{},[636,752,753],{},[392,754,755],{},"sort&compress",[636,757,758,759,761],{},"as ",[361,760,745],{}," but number ranges are compressed and hyphenated",[621,763,764,769],{},[636,765,766],{},[392,767,768],{},"compress",[636,770,771],{},"number ranges are compressed and hyphenated but only where the 'natural' sort produces a continuous range",[621,773,774,779],{},[636,775,776],{},[392,777,778],{},"longnamesfirst",[636,780,781],{},"first citation is full author list and subsequent citations are abbreviated",[621,783,784,789],{},[636,785,786],{},[392,787,788],{},"sectionbib",[636,790,791],{},"allows multiple bibliographies in the same document",[621,793,794,799],{},[636,795,796],{},[392,797,798],{},"nonamebreak",[636,800,801],{},"forces all author names onto one line",[621,803,804,809],{},[636,805,806],{},[392,807,808],{},"merge",[636,810,811],{},"merges a citation with a previous citation",[621,813,814,819],{},[636,815,816],{},[392,817,818],{},"elide",[636,820,821],{},"elides any repeated elements in merged references",[621,823,824,829],{},[636,825,826],{},[392,827,828],{},"mcite",[636,830,831],{},"ignore merge",[377,833,834],{"id":367},"Citation",[533,836,838],{"id":837},"basic-citation-commands","Basic Citation Commands",[357,840,841,842,845,846,849,850,853,854,856],{},"To cite with Natbib, use the commands ",[392,843,844],{},"\\citet"," or ",[392,847,848],{},"\\citep"," in your document. The \"plain\" versions of these commands produce abbreviated lists in the case of multiple authors but both have ",[392,851,852],{},"*"," variants which result in full author listings. We assume the use of the ",[392,855,640],{}," option in these examples.",[603,858,860],{"id":859},"citet-and-citet","\\citet and \\citet*",[357,862,863,864,866,867,870],{},"The ",[392,865,844],{}," command is used for ",[361,868,869],{},"textual"," citations, that is to say that author names appear in the text outside of the parenthetical reference to the date of publication. This command can take options for chapter, page numbers etc.",[385,872,874],{"className":508,"code":873,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet{Erdos65}\n",[392,875,876],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,877,878],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,879,873],{},[357,881,882],{},"produces: Erdős et al. (1965)",[385,884,886],{"className":508,"code":885,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet[chapter 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,887,888],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,889,890],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,891,885],{},[357,893,894],{},"produces: Erdős et al. (1965, chapter 2)",[385,896,898],{"className":508,"code":897,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet[pp. 10-12]{Erdos65}\n",[392,899,900],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,901,902],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,903,897],{},[357,905,906],{},"produces: Erdős et al. (1965, pp. 10-12)",[385,908,910],{"className":508,"code":909,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet[see][chap. 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,911,912],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,913,914],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,915,909],{},[357,917,918],{},"produces: Erdős et al. (see 1965, chap. 2)",[357,920,921,922,925],{},"Here are the ",[392,923,924],{},"\\citet*"," versions:",[385,927,929],{"className":508,"code":928,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet*{Erdos65}\n",[392,930,931],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,932,933],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,934,928],{},[357,936,937],{},"produces: Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer (1965)",[385,939,941],{"className":508,"code":940,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet*[chapter 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,942,943],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,944,945],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,946,940],{},[357,948,949],{},"produces: Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer (1965, chapter 2)",[385,951,953],{"className":508,"code":952,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet*[pp. 10-12]{Erdos65}\n",[392,954,955],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,956,957],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,958,952],{},[357,960,961],{},"produces: Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer (1965, pp. 10-12)",[385,963,965],{"className":508,"code":964,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citet*[see][chap. 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,966,967],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,968,969],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,970,964],{},[357,972,973],{},"produces: Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer (see 1965, chap. 2)",[603,975,977],{"id":976},"citep-and-citep","\\citep and \\citep*",[357,979,863,980,982],{},[392,981,848],{}," command is used where the author name is to appear inside the parentheses alongside the date.",[385,984,986],{"className":508,"code":985,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep{Erdos65}\n",[392,987,988],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,989,990],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,991,985],{},[357,993,994],{},"produces: (Erdős et al. 1965)",[385,996,998],{"className":508,"code":997,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep[chapter 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,999,1000],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1001,1002],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1003,997],{},[357,1005,1006],{},"produces: (Erdős et al. 1965, chapter 2)",[385,1008,1010],{"className":508,"code":1009,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep[pp. 10-12]{Erdos65}\n",[392,1011,1012],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1013,1014],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1015,1009],{},[357,1017,1018],{},"produces: (Erdős et al. 1965, pp. 10-12)",[385,1020,1022],{"className":508,"code":1021,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep[see][chap. 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,1023,1024],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1025,1026],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1027,1021],{},[357,1029,1030],{},"produces: (see Erdős et al. 1965, chap. 2)",[385,1032,1034],{"className":508,"code":1033,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep[e.g.][]{Erdos65}\n",[392,1035,1036],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1037,1038],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1039,1033],{},[357,1041,1042],{},"produces: (e.g. Erdős et al. 1965)",[357,1044,921,1045,925],{},[392,1046,1047],{},"\\citep*",[385,1049,1051],{"className":508,"code":1050,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep*{Erdos65}\n",[392,1052,1053],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1054,1055],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1056,1050],{},[357,1058,1059],{},"produces: (Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer 1965)",[385,1061,1063],{"className":508,"code":1062,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep*[chapter 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,1064,1065],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1066,1067],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1068,1062],{},[357,1070,1071],{},"produces: (Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer 1965, chapter 2)",[385,1073,1075],{"className":508,"code":1074,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep*[pp. 10-12]{Erdos65}\n",[392,1076,1077],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1078,1079],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1080,1074],{},[357,1082,1083],{},"produces: (Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer 1965, pp. 10-12)",[385,1085,1087],{"className":508,"code":1086,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep*[see][chap. 2]{Erdos65}\n",[392,1088,1089],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1090,1091],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1092,1086],{},[357,1094,1095],{},"produces: (see Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer, 1965, chap. 2)",[385,1097,1099],{"className":508,"code":1098,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\citep*[e.g.][]{Erdos65}\n",[392,1100,1101],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1102,1103],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1104,1098],{},[357,1106,1107],{},"produces: (e.g. Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer, 1965)",[533,1109,1111],{"id":1110},"the-reference-list","The Reference List",[357,1113,1114],{},"Having dealt with basic varieties of citation, we turn to the creation of the bibliography or reference list.",[357,1116,1117],{},"Inserting a correct and correctly formatted bibliography when using Natbib is no different than when using plain BibTeX. There are two essential commands:",[385,1119,1121],{"className":508,"code":1120,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},"\\bibliography{mybibliographydatabase}\n",[392,1122,1123],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1124,1125],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1126,1120],{},[357,1128,1129,1130,1133],{},"which LaTeX interprets as an instruction to read a bibliographic database file (e.g. ",[392,1131,1132],{},"myrefs.bib",") and insert the relevant data here, and",[385,1135,1136],{"className":508,"code":584,"language":510,"meta":390,"style":390},[392,1137,1138],{"__ignoreMap":390},[395,1139,1140],{"class":397,"line":398},[395,1141,584],{},[357,1143,1144],{},"which specifies how the data are to be presented.",[357,1146,1147,1148,1150],{},"Above the three basic Natbib styles were mentioned as analogues of the partially homonymous styles in BibTeX. Here is approximately how citations would appear in ",[392,1149,489],{},":",[482,1152,1153,1160,1166,1172],{},[485,1154,1155,1156,1159],{},"For ",[392,1157,1158],{},"\\citet{Erdos65}",": Erdős et al. (1965)",[485,1161,1155,1162,1165],{},[392,1163,1164],{},"\\citep{Erdos65}",": (Erdős et al. 1965)",[485,1167,1155,1168,1171],{},[392,1169,1170],{},"\\citet*{Erdos65}",": Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer (1965)",[485,1173,1155,1174,1177],{},[392,1175,1176],{},"\\citep*{Erdos65}",": (Erdős, Heyting and Brouwer 1965)",[533,1179,1181],{"id":1180},"what-more-is-there","What more is there?",[357,1183,1184,1185,1188],{},"This covers the basic functionality provided by the package Natbib. It may not, of course, provide what you are looking for. If you don't find what you want here then you should probably next investigate ",[392,1186,1187],{},"harvard.sty"," which provides a slightly different set of author-date citation functions.",[1190,1191,1192],"style",{},"html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":390,"searchDepth":404,"depth":404,"links":1194},[1195,1196,1197,1200],{"id":379,"depth":404,"text":380},{"id":440,"depth":404,"text":441},{"id":471,"depth":404,"text":463,"children":1198},[1199],{"id":535,"depth":410,"text":536},{"id":367,"depth":404,"text":834,"children":1201},[1202,1203,1204],{"id":837,"depth":410,"text":838},{"id":1110,"depth":410,"text":1111},{"id":1180,"depth":410,"text":1181},"Advanced bibliography functionality using Natbib for author-year citation styles and multiple bibliography management in LaTeX.","md",null,{},{"title":186,"description":1205},"okrfwmnitBp3VzKdhEOrnQGrKbli0lYB-8_durBqukg",[1212,1214],{"title":182,"path":183,"stem":184,"description":1213,"children":-1},"Comprehensive guide to managing bibliographies in LaTeX using BibTeX, BibLaTeX, natbib, and related tools.",{"title":190,"path":191,"stem":192,"description":1215,"children":-1},"How to create and manage indices in LaTeX documents using makeidx, imakeidx, and other indexing packages.",1785155510291]