[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2986},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation_docs":3,"-technical-writing-bibliography-management":351,"-technical-writing-bibliography-management-surround":2981},[4,31,45,83,109,147,197,215,253,291,329],{"title":5,"icon":6,"path":7,"stem":8,"children":9,"page":30},"Getting Started","i-lucide-play","\u002Fgetting-started","01.getting-started",[10,14,18,22,26],{"title":11,"path":12,"stem":13},"Introduction","\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fintroduction","01.getting-started\u002F01.introduction",{"title":15,"path":16,"stem":17},"Installation","\u002Fgetting-started\u002Finstallation","01.getting-started\u002F02.installation",{"title":19,"path":20,"stem":21},"Installing Extra Packages","\u002Fgetting-started\u002Finstalling-extra-packages","01.getting-started\u002F03.installing-extra-packages",{"title":23,"path":24,"stem":25},"Basics","\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fbasics","01.getting-started\u002F04.basics",{"title":27,"path":28,"stem":29},"How to Get 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Graphics","\u002Ftables-and-graphics\u002Fintroducing-procedural-graphics","05.tables-and-graphics\u002F04.introducing-procedural-graphics",{"title":132,"path":133,"stem":134},"PGF\u002FTikZ","\u002Ftables-and-graphics\u002Fpgf-tikz","05.tables-and-graphics\u002F05.pgf-tikz",{"title":136,"path":137,"stem":138},"PSTricks","\u002Ftables-and-graphics\u002Fpstricks","05.tables-and-graphics\u002F06.pstricks",{"title":140,"path":141,"stem":142},"MetaPost","\u002Ftables-and-graphics\u002Fmetapost","05.tables-and-graphics\u002F07.metapost",{"title":144,"path":145,"stem":146},"Picture","\u002Ftables-and-graphics\u002Fpicture","05.tables-and-graphics\u002F08.picture",{"title":148,"icon":149,"path":150,"stem":151,"children":152,"page":30},"Technical Writing","i-lucide-flask-conical","\u002Ftechnical-writing","06.technical-writing",[153,157,161,165,169,173,177,181,185,189,193],{"title":154,"path":155,"stem":156},"Mathematics","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Fmathematics","06.technical-writing\u002F01.mathematics",{"title":158,"path":159,"stem":160},"Advanced Mathematics","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Fadvanced-mathematics","06.technical-writing\u002F02.advanced-mathematics",{"title":162,"path":163,"stem":164},"Theorems","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Ftheorems","06.technical-writing\u002F03.theorems",{"title":166,"path":167,"stem":168},"Algorithms","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Falgorithms","06.technical-writing\u002F04.algorithms",{"title":170,"path":171,"stem":172},"Source Code Listings","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Fsource-code-listings","06.technical-writing\u002F05.source-code-listings",{"title":174,"path":175,"stem":176},"Chemical Graphics","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Fchemical-graphics","06.technical-writing\u002F06.chemical-graphics",{"title":178,"path":179,"stem":180},"Linguistics","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Flinguistics","06.technical-writing\u002F07.linguistics",{"title":182,"path":183,"stem":184},"Bibliography Management","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Fbibliography-management","06.technical-writing\u002F08.bibliography-management",{"title":186,"path":187,"stem":188},"More Bibliographies","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Fmore-bibliographies","06.technical-writing\u002F09.more-bibliographies",{"title":190,"path":191,"stem":192},"Indexing","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Findices","06.technical-writing\u002F10.indices",{"title":194,"path":195,"stem":196},"Glossary","\u002Ftechnical-writing\u002Fglossary","06.technical-writing\u002F11.glossary",{"title":198,"icon":199,"path":200,"stem":201,"children":202,"page":30},"Cross-References and Links","i-lucide-link","\u002Fcross-references","07.cross-references",[203,207,211],{"title":204,"path":205,"stem":206},"Labels and Cross Referencing","\u002Fcross-references\u002Flabels-and-cross-referencing","07.cross-references\u002F01.labels-and-cross-referencing",{"title":208,"path":209,"stem":210},"Hyperlinks","\u002Fcross-references\u002Fhyperlinks","07.cross-references\u002F02.hyperlinks",{"title":212,"path":213,"stem":214},"Initials","\u002Fcross-references\u002Finitials","07.cross-references\u002F03.initials",{"title":216,"icon":217,"path":218,"stem":219,"children":220,"page":30},"Specialized Documents","i-lucide-file-badge","\u002Fspecialized-documents","08.specialized-documents",[221,225,229,233,237,241,245,249],{"title":222,"path":223,"stem":224},"Scientific Reports","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Fscientific-reports","08.specialized-documents\u002F01.scientific-reports",{"title":226,"path":227,"stem":228},"Letters","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Fletters","08.specialized-documents\u002F02.letters",{"title":230,"path":231,"stem":232},"Presentations","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Fpresentations","08.specialized-documents\u002F03.presentations",{"title":234,"path":235,"stem":236},"Teacher's Corner","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Fteachers-corner","08.specialized-documents\u002F04.teachers-corner",{"title":238,"path":239,"stem":240},"Curriculum Vitae","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Fcurriculum-vitae","08.specialized-documents\u002F05.curriculum-vitae",{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244},"Academic Journals","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Facademic-journals","08.specialized-documents\u002F06.academic-journals",{"title":246,"path":247,"stem":248},"Xy-pic","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Fxy-pic","08.specialized-documents\u002F07.xy-pic",{"title":250,"path":251,"stem":252},"Creating 3D Graphics","\u002Fspecialized-documents\u002Fcreating-3d-graphics","08.specialized-documents\u002F08.creating-3d-graphics",{"title":254,"icon":255,"path":256,"stem":257,"children":258,"page":30},"Programming LaTeX","i-lucide-code","\u002Fprogramming","09.programming",[259,263,267,271,275,279,283,287],{"title":260,"path":261,"stem":262},"Macros","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fmacros","09.programming\u002F01.macros",{"title":264,"path":265,"stem":266},"Plain TeX","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fplain-tex","09.programming\u002F02.plain-tex",{"title":268,"path":269,"stem":270},"Creating Packages","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fcreating-packages","09.programming\u002F03.creating-packages",{"title":272,"path":273,"stem":274},"Creating Package Documentation","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fcreating-package-documentation","09.programming\u002F04.creating-package-documentation",{"title":276,"path":277,"stem":278},"Themes","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fthemes","09.programming\u002F05.themes",{"title":280,"path":281,"stem":282},"Modular Documents","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fmodular-documents","09.programming\u002F06.modular-documents",{"title":284,"path":285,"stem":286},"Collaborative Writing of LaTeX Documents","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fcollaborative-writing","09.programming\u002F07.collaborative-writing",{"title":288,"path":289,"stem":290},"Export To Other Formats","\u002Fprogramming\u002Fexport-to-other-formats","09.programming\u002F08.export-to-other-formats",{"title":292,"icon":293,"path":294,"stem":295,"children":296,"page":30},"Reference and Help","i-lucide-book-open","\u002Freference","10.reference",[297,301,305,309,313,317,321,325],{"title":298,"path":299,"stem":300},"FAQ","\u002Freference\u002Ffaq","10.reference\u002F01.faq",{"title":302,"path":303,"stem":304},"Tips and Tricks","\u002Freference\u002Ftips-and-tricks","10.reference\u002F02.tips-and-tricks",{"title":306,"path":307,"stem":308},"Errors and Warnings","\u002Freference\u002Ferrors-and-warnings","10.reference\u002F03.errors-and-warnings",{"title":310,"path":311,"stem":312},"Lengths","\u002Freference\u002Flengths","10.reference\u002F04.lengths",{"title":314,"path":315,"stem":316},"Counters","\u002Freference\u002Fcounters","10.reference\u002F05.counters",{"title":318,"path":319,"stem":320},"Boxes","\u002Freference\u002Fboxes","10.reference\u002F06.boxes",{"title":322,"path":323,"stem":324},"Rules and Struts","\u002Freference\u002Frules-and-struts","10.reference\u002F07.rules-and-struts",{"title":326,"path":327,"stem":328},"Command Glossary","\u002Freference\u002Fcommand-glossary","10.reference\u002F08.command-glossary",{"title":330,"icon":331,"path":332,"stem":333,"children":334,"page":30},"Appendices","i-lucide-bookmark","\u002Fappendices","11.appendices",[335,339,343,347],{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338},"Package Reference","\u002Fappendices\u002Fpackage-reference","11.appendices\u002F01.package-reference",{"title":340,"path":341,"stem":342},"Sample LaTeX Documents","\u002Fappendices\u002Fsample-latex-documents","11.appendices\u002F02.sample-latex-documents",{"title":344,"path":345,"stem":346},"Links","\u002Fappendices\u002Flinks","11.appendices\u002F03.links",{"title":348,"path":349,"stem":350},"Authors","\u002Fappendices\u002Fauthors","11.appendices\u002F04.authors",{"id":352,"title":182,"body":353,"description":2975,"extension":2976,"links":2977,"meta":2978,"navigation":417,"path":183,"seo":2979,"stem":184,"__hash__":2980},"docs\u002F06.technical-writing\u002F08.bibliography-management.md",{"type":354,"value":355,"toc":2939},"minimark",[356,360,376,381,384,395,466,476,487,491,501,506,513,522,529,533,540,549,552,556,559,589,592,704,711,715,722,731,738,741,752,755,764,767,776,786,791,915,920,1000,1005,1010,1134,1151,1158,1167,1170,1213,1217,1223,1274,1293,1308,1322,1325,1328,1345,1352,1391,1395,1398,1404,1412,1472,1478,1486,1550,1556,1564,1651,1657,1665,1714,1718,1721,1730,1737,1746,1749,1758,1762,1856,1863,1902,1909,1953,1957,1963,1983,1997,2016,2020,2023,2043,2046,2054,2060,2068,2087,2092,2106,2110,2122,2131,2137,2146,2157,2161,2164,2178,2184,2200,2204,2211,2226,2230,2236,2251,2255,2258,2262,2268,2272,2281,2295,2298,2302,2308,2317,2320,2329,2334,2338,2342,2348,2363,2373,2384,2402,2406,2409,2447,2460,2480,2483,2489,2493,2498,2563,2585,2588,2641,2645,2652,2661,2664,2673,2677,2680,2700,2703,2717,2721,2724,2776,2780,2784,2787,2791,2797,2935],[357,358,359],"p",{},"For any academic\u002Fresearch writing, incorporating references into a document is an important task. Fortunately, LaTeX has a variety of features that make dealing with references much simpler, including built-in support for citing references. However, a much more powerful and flexible solution is achieved thanks to an auxiliary tool called BibTeX (which comes bundled as standard with LaTeX). Recently, BibTeX has been succeeded among many users by BibLaTeX, a tool configurable within LaTeX syntax.",[357,361,362,363,367,368,371,372,375],{},"BibTeX provides for the storage of all references in a bibliographic information file with the file extension ",[364,365,366],"code",{},".bib",", a kind of flat-file database. (BibLaTeX uses this same file format but with more and different bibliographic entry types and field types than BibTeX.) This database can be referenced in any LaTeX document, and citations made to any record that is contained within the file. This is often more convenient than embedding them at the end of every document written; a centralized bibliography source can be linked to as many documents as desired (write once, read many!). Of course, bibliographies can be split over as many files as one wishes, so there can be a file containing sources concerning topic A (",[364,369,370],{},"a.bib",") and another concerning topic B (",[364,373,374],{},"b.bib","). When writing about topic AB, both of these files can be linked into the document.",[377,378,380],"h2",{"id":379},"embedded-system","Embedded system",[357,382,383],{},"If you are writing only one or two documents and aren't planning on writing more on the same subject for a long time, you might not want to waste time creating a database of references you are never going to use. In this case you should consider using the basic and simple bibliography support that is embedded within LaTeX.",[357,385,386,387,390,391,394],{},"LaTeX provides an environment called ",[364,388,389],{},"thebibliography"," that you have to use where you want the bibliography; that usually means at the very end of your document, just before the ",[364,392,393],{},"\\end{document}"," command. Here is a practical example:",[396,397,402],"pre",{"className":398,"code":399,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"language-latex shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","\\begin{thebibliography}{9}\n\n\\bibitem{lamport94}\n  Leslie Lamport,\n  \\textit{\\LaTeX: a document preparation system},\n  Addison Wesley, Massachusetts,\n  2nd edition,\n  1994.\n\n\\end{thebibliography}\n","latex","",[364,403,404,412,419,425,431,437,443,449,455,460],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,406,409],"span",{"class":407,"line":408},"line",1,[405,410,411],{},"\\begin{thebibliography}{9}\n",[405,413,415],{"class":407,"line":414},2,[405,416,418],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":417},true,"\n",[405,420,422],{"class":407,"line":421},3,[405,423,424],{},"\\bibitem{lamport94}\n",[405,426,428],{"class":407,"line":427},4,[405,429,430],{},"  Leslie Lamport,\n",[405,432,434],{"class":407,"line":433},5,[405,435,436],{},"  \\textit{\\LaTeX: a document preparation system},\n",[405,438,440],{"class":407,"line":439},6,[405,441,442],{},"  Addison Wesley, Massachusetts,\n",[405,444,446],{"class":407,"line":445},7,[405,447,448],{},"  2nd edition,\n",[405,450,452],{"class":407,"line":451},8,[405,453,454],{},"  1994.\n",[405,456,458],{"class":407,"line":457},9,[405,459,418],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":417},[405,461,463],{"class":407,"line":462},10,[405,464,465],{},"\\end{thebibliography}\n",[357,467,468,469,471,472,475],{},"The first thing to notice is the establishment of the environment. ",[364,470,389],{}," is a keyword that tells LaTeX to recognize everything between the begin and end tags as data for the bibliography. The mandatory argument, which is supplied after the begin statement, is telling LaTeX how wide the item label will be when printed. Note however, that the number itself is not the parameter, but the number of digits is. Therefore, if you supply ",[364,473,474],{},"9",", you are effectively telling LaTeX that you will only need reference labels of one character in length, which ultimately means no more than nine references in total. If you want more than nine, then input any two-digit number, such as '56', which allows up to 99 references.",[357,477,478,479,482,483,486],{},"Next is the actual reference entry itself. This is prefixed with the ",[364,480,481],{},"\\bibitem{cite_key}"," command. The ",[364,484,485],{},"cite_key"," should be a unique identifier for that particular reference, and is often some sort of mnemonic consisting of any sequence of letters, numbers and punctuation symbols (although not a comma). A common convention is to use the surname of the first author, followed by the last two digits of the year. Everything after the key is the reference itself. You need to type it as you want it to be presented.",[377,488,490],{"id":489},"citations","Citations",[357,492,493,494,497,498,500],{},"To actually cite a given document is very easy. Go to the point where you want the citation to appear, and use the following: ",[364,495,496],{},"\\cite{cite_key}",", where the ",[364,499,485],{}," is that of the bibitem you wish to cite. When LaTeX processes the document, the citation will be cross-referenced with the bibitems and replaced with the appropriate number citation.",[502,503,505],"h3",{"id":504},"referring-more-specifically","Referring more specifically",[357,507,508,509,512],{},"If you want to refer to a certain page, figure or theorem in a text book, you can use the arguments to the ",[364,510,511],{},"\\cite"," command:",[396,514,516],{"className":398,"code":515,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\cite[p.~215]{citation01}\n",[364,517,518],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,519,520],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,521,515],{},[357,523,524,525,528],{},"The argument, \"p. 215\", will show up inside the same brackets. Note the tilde in ",[364,526,527],{},"[p.~215]",", which replaces the end-of-sentence spacing with a non-breakable inter-word space. This non-breakable inter-word space is inserted because the end-of-sentence spacing would be too wide, and \"p.\" should not be separated from the page number.",[502,530,532],{"id":531},"multiple-citations","Multiple citations",[357,534,535,536,539],{},"When a sequence of multiple citations is needed, you should use a single ",[364,537,538],{},"\\cite{}"," command. The citations are then separated by commas. Here's an example:",[396,541,543],{"className":398,"code":542,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\cite{citation01,citation02,citation03}\n",[364,544,545],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,546,547],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,548,542],{},[357,550,551],{},"The result will then be shown as citations inside the same brackets, depending on the citation style.",[502,553,555],{"id":554},"bibliography-styles","Bibliography styles",[357,557,558],{},"There are several different ways to format lists of bibliographic references and the citations to them in the text. These are called citation styles, and consist of two parts: the format of the abbreviated citation (the marker that is inserted into the text to identify the entry in the list of references) and the format of the corresponding entry in the list of references, which includes full bibliographic details.",[357,560,561,562,566,567,572,573,575,576,580,581,584,585,588],{},"Abbreviated citations can be of two main types: numbered or textual. Numbered citations (also known as the Vancouver referencing system) are numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the text, and consist of Arabic numerals in parentheses ",[563,564,565],"strong",{},"(1)",", square brackets ",[563,568,569],{},[405,570,571],{},"1",", superscript ",[563,574,571],{},", or a combination thereof ",[563,577,578],{},[405,579,571],{},". Textual citations (also known as the Harvard referencing system) use the author surname and (usually) the year as the abbreviated form of the citation, which is normally fully ",[563,582,583],{},"(Smith 2016)"," or partially enclosed in parenthesis, as in ",[563,586,587],{},"Smith (2016)",".",[357,590,591],{},"Here are some often used styles:",[593,594,595,614],"table",{},[596,597,598],"thead",{},[599,600,601,605,608,611],"tr",{},[602,603,604],"th",{},"Style Name",[602,606,607],{},"Author Name Format",[602,609,610],{},"Reference Format",[602,612,613],{},"Sorting",[615,616,617,632,644,656,668,680,692],"tbody",{},[599,618,619,623,626,629],{},[620,621,622],"td",{},"plain",[620,624,625],{},"Homer Jay Simpson",[620,627,628],{},"#ID#",[620,630,631],{},"by author",[599,633,634,637,639,641],{},[620,635,636],{},"unsrt",[620,638,625],{},[620,640,628],{},[620,642,643],{},"as referenced",[599,645,646,649,652,654],{},[620,647,648],{},"abbrv",[620,650,651],{},"H. J. Simpson",[620,653,628],{},[620,655,631],{},[599,657,658,661,663,666],{},[620,659,660],{},"alpha",[620,662,625],{},[620,664,665],{},"Sim95",[620,667,631],{},[599,669,670,673,675,678],{},[620,671,672],{},"abstract",[620,674,625],{},[620,676,677],{},"Simpson-1995a",[620,679,631],{},[599,681,682,685,688,690],{},[620,683,684],{},"acm",[620,686,687],{},"Simpson, H. J.",[620,689,628],{},[620,691,631],{},[599,693,694,697,699,702],{},[620,695,696],{},"named",[620,698,625],{},[620,700,701],{},"Simpson 1995",[620,703,631],{},[357,705,706,707,710],{},"However, keep in mind that you will need to use the ",[364,708,709],{},"natbib"," package to use most of these.",[502,712,714],{"id":713},"no-cite","No cite",[357,716,717,718,721],{},"If you only want a reference to appear in the bibliography, but not where it is referenced in the main text, then the ",[364,719,720],{},"\\nocite{}"," command can be used, for example:",[396,723,725],{"className":398,"code":724,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"Lamport showed in 1995 something...  \\nocite{lamport95}.\n",[364,726,727],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,728,729],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,730,724],{},[357,732,733,734,737],{},"A special version of the command, ",[364,735,736],{},"\\nocite{*}",", includes all entries from the database, whether they are referenced in the document or not.",[502,739,740],{"id":709},"Natbib",[357,742,743,744,748,749,751],{},"Using the standard LaTeX bibliography support, you will see that each reference is numbered and each citation corresponds to the numbers. The numeric style of citation is quite common in scientific writing. In other disciplines, the author-year style, e.g., (Roberts, 2003), such as ",[745,746,747],"em",{},"Harvard"," is preferred. The ",[364,750,709],{}," package is one possible way to get such an output. In fact, it can supersede LaTeX's own citation commands, as Natbib allows the user to easily switch between Harvard or numeric.",[357,753,754],{},"The first job is to add the following to your preamble in order to get LaTeX to use the Natbib package:",[396,756,758],{"className":398,"code":757,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\usepackage[options]{natbib}\n",[364,759,760],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,761,762],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,763,757],{},[357,765,766],{},"An example of useful options is:",[396,768,770],{"className":398,"code":769,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\usepackage[square,sort,comma,numbers]{natbib}\n",[364,771,772],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,773,774],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,775,769],{},[357,777,778,779,782,783,785],{},"Also, you need to change the bibliography style file to be used, so edit the appropriate line at the bottom of the file so that it reads: ",[364,780,781],{},"\\bibliographystyle{plainnat}",". Once done, it is basically a matter of altering the existing ",[364,784,511],{}," commands to display the type of citation you want.",[357,787,788],{},[563,789,790],{},"Natbib's textual and parenthetical commands:",[593,792,793,803],{},[596,794,795],{},[599,796,797,800],{},[602,798,799],{},"Citation command",[602,801,802],{},"Output",[615,804,805,815,825,835,845,855,865,875,885,895,905],{},[599,806,807,812],{},[620,808,809],{},[364,810,811],{},"\\citet{goossens93}",[620,813,814],{},"Goossens et al. (1993)",[599,816,817,822],{},[620,818,819],{},[364,820,821],{},"\\citep{goossens93}",[620,823,824],{},"(Goossens et al., 1993)",[599,826,827,832],{},[620,828,829],{},[364,830,831],{},"\\citet*{goossens93}",[620,833,834],{},"Goossens, Mittlebach, and Samarin (1993)",[599,836,837,842],{},[620,838,839],{},[364,840,841],{},"\\citep*{goossens93}",[620,843,844],{},"(Goossens, Mittlebach, and Samarin, 1993)",[599,846,847,852],{},[620,848,849],{},[364,850,851],{},"\\citeauthor{goossens93}",[620,853,854],{},"Goossens et al.",[599,856,857,862],{},[620,858,859],{},[364,860,861],{},"\\citeauthor*{goossens93}",[620,863,864],{},"Goossens, Mittlebach, and Samarin",[599,866,867,872],{},[620,868,869],{},[364,870,871],{},"\\citeyear{goossens93}",[620,873,874],{},"1993",[599,876,877,882],{},[620,878,879],{},[364,880,881],{},"\\citeyearpar{goossens93}",[620,883,884],{},"(1993)",[599,886,887,892],{},[620,888,889],{},[364,890,891],{},"\\citealt{goossens93}",[620,893,894],{},"Goossens et al. 1993",[599,896,897,902],{},[620,898,899],{},[364,900,901],{},"\\citealp{goossens93}",[620,903,904],{},"Goossens et al., 1993",[599,906,907,912],{},[620,908,909],{},[364,910,911],{},"\\citetext{priv.\\ comm.}",[620,913,914],{},"(priv. comm.)",[357,916,917],{},[563,918,919],{},"Citation styles compatible with Natbib:",[593,921,922,935],{},[596,923,924],{},[599,925,926,929,932],{},[602,927,928],{},"Style",[602,930,931],{},"Source",[602,933,934],{},"Description",[615,936,937,948,958,968,979,990],{},[599,938,939,942,945],{},[620,940,941],{},"plainnat",[620,943,944],{},"Provided",[620,946,947],{},"natbib-compatible version of plain",[599,949,950,953,955],{},[620,951,952],{},"abbrvnat",[620,954,944],{},[620,956,957],{},"natbib-compatible version of abbrv",[599,959,960,963,965],{},[620,961,962],{},"unsrtnat",[620,964,944],{},[620,966,967],{},"natbib-compatible version of unsrt",[599,969,970,973,976],{},[620,971,972],{},"apsrev",[620,974,975],{},"REVTeX 4",[620,977,978],{},"natbib-compatible style for Physical Review journals",[599,980,981,984,987],{},[620,982,983],{},"IEEEtranN",[620,985,986],{},"CTAN",[620,988,989],{},"natbib-compatible style for IEEE publications",[599,991,992,995,997],{},[620,993,994],{},"achemso",[620,996,986],{},[620,998,999],{},"natbib-compatible style for American Chemical Society journals",[1001,1002,1004],"h4",{"id":1003},"customization","Customization",[357,1006,1007],{},[563,1008,1009],{},"Natbib's customization options:",[593,1011,1012,1022],{},[596,1013,1014],{},[599,1015,1016,1019],{},[602,1017,1018],{},"Option",[602,1020,1021],{},"Meaning",[615,1023,1024,1047,1060,1076,1089,1103,1124],{},[599,1025,1026,1041],{},[620,1027,1028,1031,1032,1031,1035,1031,1038],{},[364,1029,1030],{},"round"," : ",[364,1033,1034],{},"square",[364,1036,1037],{},"curly",[364,1039,1040],{},"angle",[620,1042,1043,1044,1046],{},"Parentheses () (default), square brackets ",[405,1045],{},", curly braces {} or angle brackets \u003C>",[599,1048,1049,1057],{},[620,1050,1051,1031,1054],{},[364,1052,1053],{},"colon",[364,1055,1056],{},"comma",[620,1058,1059],{},"multiple citations are separated by semi-colons (default) or commas",[599,1061,1062,1073],{},[620,1063,1064,1031,1067,1031,1070],{},[364,1065,1066],{},"authoryear",[364,1068,1069],{},"numbers",[364,1071,1072],{},"super",[620,1074,1075],{},"author year style citations (default), numeric citations or superscripted numeric citations",[599,1077,1078,1086],{},[620,1079,1080,1031,1083],{},[364,1081,1082],{},"sort",[364,1084,1085],{},"sort&compress",[620,1087,1088],{},"multiple citations are sorted into the order in which they appear in the references section or also compressing multiple numeric citations where possible",[599,1090,1091,1096],{},[620,1092,1093],{},[364,1094,1095],{},"longnamesfirst",[620,1097,1098,1099,1102],{},"the first citation of any reference will use the starred variant (full author list), subsequent citations will use the abbreviated ",[745,1100,1101],{},"et al."," style",[599,1104,1105,1110],{},[620,1106,1107],{},[364,1108,1109],{},"sectionbib",[620,1111,1112,1113,1116,1117,1120,1121],{},"for use with the chapterbib package. redefines ",[364,1114,1115],{},"\\thebibliography"," to issue ",[364,1118,1119],{},"\\section*"," instead of ",[364,1122,1123],{},"\\chapter*",[599,1125,1126,1131],{},[620,1127,1128],{},[364,1129,1130],{},"nonamebreak",[620,1132,1133],{},"keeps all the authors' names in a citation on one line to fix some hyperref problems",[357,1135,1136,1137,1140,1141,1143,1144,1146,1147,1150],{},"The main commands simply add a ",[745,1138,1139],{},"t"," for 'textual' or ",[745,1142,357],{}," for 'parenthesized', to the basic ",[364,1145,511],{}," command. You will also notice how Natbib by default will compress references with three or more authors to the more concise ",[745,1148,1149],{},"1st surname et al"," version. By adding an asterisk (*), you can override this default and list all authors associated with that citation.",[357,1152,1153,1154,1157],{},"The final area to cover about Natbib is customizing its citation style. There is a command called ",[364,1155,1156],{},"\\bibpunct"," that can be used to override the defaults and change certain settings. For example:",[396,1159,1161],{"className":398,"code":1160,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,}\n",[364,1162,1163],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1164,1165],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1166,1160],{},[357,1168,1169],{},"The command requires six mandatory parameters:",[1171,1172,1173,1177,1180,1183,1207,1210],"ol",{},[1174,1175,1176],"li",{},"The symbol for the opening bracket",[1174,1178,1179],{},"The symbol for the closing bracket",[1174,1181,1182],{},"The symbol that appears between multiple citations",[1174,1184,1185,1186],{},"This argument takes a letter:\n",[1187,1188,1189,1195,1201],"ul",{},[1174,1190,1191,1194],{},[745,1192,1193],{},"n"," - numerical style",[1174,1196,1197,1200],{},[745,1198,1199],{},"s"," - numerical superscript style",[1174,1202,1203,1206],{},[745,1204,1205],{},"any other letter"," - author-year style",[1174,1208,1209],{},"The punctuation to appear between the author and the year (in parenthetical case only)",[1174,1211,1212],{},"The punctuation used between years, in multiple citations when there is a common author",[377,1214,1216],{"id":1215},"bibtex","BibTeX",[357,1218,1219,1220,1222],{},"A BibTeX database is stored as a ",[364,1221,366],{}," file. It is a plain text file, and so can be viewed and edited easily. The structure of the file is also quite simple. An example of a BibTeX entry:",[396,1224,1227],{"className":1225,"code":1226,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"language-bibtex shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","@article{greenwade93,\n    author  = \"George D. Greenwade\",\n    title   = \"The {C}omprehensive {T}ex {A}rchive {N}etwork ({CTAN})\",\n    year    = \"1993\",\n    journal = \"TUGBoat\",\n    volume  = \"14\",\n    number  = \"3\",\n    pages   = \"342--351\"\n}\n",[364,1228,1229,1234,1239,1244,1249,1254,1259,1264,1269],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1230,1231],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1232,1233],{},"@article{greenwade93,\n",[405,1235,1236],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1237,1238],{},"    author  = \"George D. Greenwade\",\n",[405,1240,1241],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1242,1243],{},"    title   = \"The {C}omprehensive {T}ex {A}rchive {N}etwork ({CTAN})\",\n",[405,1245,1246],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1247,1248],{},"    year    = \"1993\",\n",[405,1250,1251],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1252,1253],{},"    journal = \"TUGBoat\",\n",[405,1255,1256],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1257,1258],{},"    volume  = \"14\",\n",[405,1260,1261],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1262,1263],{},"    number  = \"3\",\n",[405,1265,1266],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,1267,1268],{},"    pages   = \"342--351\"\n",[405,1270,1271],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,1272,1273],{},"}\n",[357,1275,1276,1277,1280,1281,1284,1285,1288,1289,1292],{},"Each entry begins with the declaration of the reference type, in the form of ",[364,1278,1279],{},"@type",". BibTeX knows of practically all types you can think of, common ones are: ",[745,1282,1283],{},"book",", ",[745,1286,1287],{},"article",", and for papers presented at conferences, there is ",[745,1290,1291],{},"inproceedings",". In this example, we have referred to an article within a journal.",[357,1294,1295,1296,1299,1300,1303,1304,1307],{},"After the type, you must have a left curly brace ",[364,1297,1298],{},"{"," to signify the beginning of the reference attributes. The first one follows immediately after the brace, which is the ",[745,1301,1302],{},"citation key",", or the ",[745,1305,1306],{},"BibTeX key",". This key must be unique for all entries in your bibliography. It is this identifier that you will use within your document to cross-reference it to this entry.",[357,1309,1310,1311,1314,1315,1318,1319,1321],{},"The remaining fields contain the entry's data. Field names are BibTeX keywords followed by ",[364,1312,1313],{},"=",", and values are normally enclosed in quotation marks or braces. Prefer braces for values containing TeX commands or capitalization that BibTeX must preserve; for example, ",[364,1316,1317],{},"title = {G{\\\"o}del's theorem}",". With a modern UTF-8 workflow, Unicode text may also be stored directly when the selected bibliography processor and style support it. The document preamble does not change how the ",[364,1320,366],{}," parser reads its database.",[357,1323,1324],{},"Remember that each attribute must be followed by a comma to delimit one from another. You do not need to add a comma to the last attribute, since the closing brace will tell BibTeX that there are no more attributes for this entry.",[502,1326,348],{"id":1327},"authors",[357,1329,1330,1331,1334,1335,1338,1339,1341,1342,1344],{},"BibTeX can be quite clever with names of authors. It can accept names in ",[745,1332,1333],{},"forename surname"," or ",[745,1336,1337],{},"surname, forename",". If you use the ",[745,1340,1333],{}," method, then you must be careful with a few special names, where there are compound surnames, for example \"John von Neumann\". In this form, BibTeX assumes that the last word is the surname, and everything before is the forename, plus any middle names. You must therefore manually tell BibTeX to keep the 'von' and 'Neumann' together. This is achieved easily using curly braces. So the final result would be \"John {von Neumann}\". This is easily avoided with the ",[745,1343,1337],{},", since you have a comma to separate the surname from the forename.",[357,1346,1347,1348,1351],{},"Secondly, there is the issue of how to tell BibTeX when a reference has more than one author. This is very simply done by putting the keyword ",[745,1349,1350],{},"and"," in between every author:",[396,1353,1355],{"className":1225,"code":1354,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@book{goossens93,\n    author    = \"Michel Goossens and Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin\",\n    title     = \"The LaTeX Companion\",\n    year      = \"1993\",\n    publisher = \"Addison-Wesley\",\n    address   = \"Reading, Massachusetts\"\n}\n",[364,1356,1357,1362,1367,1372,1377,1382,1387],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1358,1359],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1360,1361],{},"@book{goossens93,\n",[405,1363,1364],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1365,1366],{},"    author    = \"Michel Goossens and Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin\",\n",[405,1368,1369],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1370,1371],{},"    title     = \"The LaTeX Companion\",\n",[405,1373,1374],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1375,1376],{},"    year      = \"1993\",\n",[405,1378,1379],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1380,1381],{},"    publisher = \"Addison-Wesley\",\n",[405,1383,1384],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1385,1386],{},"    address   = \"Reading, Massachusetts\"\n",[405,1388,1389],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1390,1273],{},[502,1392,1394],{"id":1393},"standard-templates","Standard templates",[357,1396,1397],{},"Standard templates that can be directly copied and filled in:",[357,1399,1400,1403],{},[563,1401,1402],{},"@article"," — An article from a magazine or a journal.",[1187,1405,1406,1409],{},[1174,1407,1408],{},"Required fields: author, title, journal, year.",[1174,1410,1411],{},"Optional fields: volume, number, pages, month, note.",[396,1413,1415],{"className":1225,"code":1414,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@article{Xarticle,\n    author    = \"\",\n    title     = \"\",\n    journal   = \"\",\n    volume    = \"\",\n    number    = \"\",\n    pages     = \"\",\n    year      = \"XXXX\",\n    month     = \"\",\n    note      = \"\",\n}\n",[364,1416,1417,1422,1427,1432,1437,1442,1447,1452,1457,1462,1467],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1418,1419],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1420,1421],{},"@article{Xarticle,\n",[405,1423,1424],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1425,1426],{},"    author    = \"\",\n",[405,1428,1429],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1430,1431],{},"    title     = \"\",\n",[405,1433,1434],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1435,1436],{},"    journal   = \"\",\n",[405,1438,1439],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1440,1441],{},"    volume    = \"\",\n",[405,1443,1444],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1445,1446],{},"    number    = \"\",\n",[405,1448,1449],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1450,1451],{},"    pages     = \"\",\n",[405,1453,1454],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,1455,1456],{},"    year      = \"XXXX\",\n",[405,1458,1459],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,1460,1461],{},"    month     = \"\",\n",[405,1463,1464],{"class":407,"line":462},[405,1465,1466],{},"    note      = \"\",\n",[405,1468,1470],{"class":407,"line":1469},11,[405,1471,1273],{},[357,1473,1474,1477],{},[563,1475,1476],{},"@book"," — A published book.",[1187,1479,1480,1483],{},[1174,1481,1482],{},"Required fields: author\u002Feditor, title, publisher, year.",[1174,1484,1485],{},"Optional fields: volume\u002Fnumber, series, address, edition, month, note.",[396,1487,1489],{"className":1225,"code":1488,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@book{Xbook,\n    author    = \"\",\n    title     = \"\",\n    publisher = \"\",\n    volume    = \"\",\n    number    = \"\",\n    series    = \"\",\n    address   = \"\",\n    edition   = \"\",\n    year      = \"XXXX\",\n    month     = \"\",\n    note      = \"\",\n}\n",[364,1490,1491,1496,1500,1504,1509,1513,1517,1522,1527,1532,1536,1540,1545],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1492,1493],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1494,1495],{},"@book{Xbook,\n",[405,1497,1498],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1499,1426],{},[405,1501,1502],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1503,1431],{},[405,1505,1506],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1507,1508],{},"    publisher = \"\",\n",[405,1510,1511],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1512,1441],{},[405,1514,1515],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1516,1446],{},[405,1518,1519],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1520,1521],{},"    series    = \"\",\n",[405,1523,1524],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,1525,1526],{},"    address   = \"\",\n",[405,1528,1529],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,1530,1531],{},"    edition   = \"\",\n",[405,1533,1534],{"class":407,"line":462},[405,1535,1456],{},[405,1537,1538],{"class":407,"line":1469},[405,1539,1461],{},[405,1541,1543],{"class":407,"line":1542},12,[405,1544,1466],{},[405,1546,1548],{"class":407,"line":1547},13,[405,1549,1273],{},[357,1551,1552,1555],{},[563,1553,1554],{},"@inproceedings"," — An article in a conference proceedings.",[1187,1557,1558,1561],{},[1174,1559,1560],{},"Required fields: author, title, booktitle, year.",[1174,1562,1563],{},"Optional fields: editor, volume\u002Fnumber, series, pages, address, month, organization, publisher, note.",[396,1565,1567],{"className":1225,"code":1566,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@inproceedings{Xinproceedings,\n    author       = \"\",\n    title        = \"\",\n    booktitle    = \"\",\n    editor       = \"\",\n    volume       = \"\",\n    number       = \"\",\n    series       = \"\",\n    pages        = \"\",\n    address      = \"\",\n    organization = \"\",\n    publisher    = \"\",\n    year         = \"\",\n    month        = \"\",\n    note         = \"\",\n}\n",[364,1568,1569,1574,1579,1584,1589,1594,1599,1604,1609,1614,1619,1624,1629,1634,1640,1646],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1570,1571],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1572,1573],{},"@inproceedings{Xinproceedings,\n",[405,1575,1576],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1577,1578],{},"    author       = \"\",\n",[405,1580,1581],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1582,1583],{},"    title        = \"\",\n",[405,1585,1586],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1587,1588],{},"    booktitle    = \"\",\n",[405,1590,1591],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1592,1593],{},"    editor       = \"\",\n",[405,1595,1596],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1597,1598],{},"    volume       = \"\",\n",[405,1600,1601],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1602,1603],{},"    number       = \"\",\n",[405,1605,1606],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,1607,1608],{},"    series       = \"\",\n",[405,1610,1611],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,1612,1613],{},"    pages        = \"\",\n",[405,1615,1616],{"class":407,"line":462},[405,1617,1618],{},"    address      = \"\",\n",[405,1620,1621],{"class":407,"line":1469},[405,1622,1623],{},"    organization = \"\",\n",[405,1625,1626],{"class":407,"line":1542},[405,1627,1628],{},"    publisher    = \"\",\n",[405,1630,1631],{"class":407,"line":1547},[405,1632,1633],{},"    year         = \"\",\n",[405,1635,1637],{"class":407,"line":1636},14,[405,1638,1639],{},"    month        = \"\",\n",[405,1641,1643],{"class":407,"line":1642},15,[405,1644,1645],{},"    note         = \"\",\n",[405,1647,1649],{"class":407,"line":1648},16,[405,1650,1273],{},[357,1652,1653,1656],{},[563,1654,1655],{},"@phdthesis"," — Ph.D. thesis.",[1187,1658,1659,1662],{},[1174,1660,1661],{},"Required fields: author, title, year, school.",[1174,1663,1664],{},"Optional fields: address, month, keywords, note.",[396,1666,1668],{"className":1225,"code":1667,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@phdthesis{Xphdthesis,\n    author    = \"\",\n    title     = \"\",\n    school    = \"\",\n    address   = \"\",\n    year      = \"\",\n    month     = \"\",\n    keywords  = \"\",\n    note      = \"\",\n}\n",[364,1669,1670,1675,1679,1683,1688,1692,1697,1701,1706,1710],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1671,1672],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1673,1674],{},"@phdthesis{Xphdthesis,\n",[405,1676,1677],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1678,1426],{},[405,1680,1681],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1682,1431],{},[405,1684,1685],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1686,1687],{},"    school    = \"\",\n",[405,1689,1690],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1691,1526],{},[405,1693,1694],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1695,1696],{},"    year      = \"\",\n",[405,1698,1699],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1700,1461],{},[405,1702,1703],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,1704,1705],{},"    keywords  = \"\",\n",[405,1707,1708],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,1709,1466],{},[405,1711,1712],{"class":407,"line":462},[405,1713,1273],{},[502,1715,1717],{"id":1716},"preserving-case-of-letters","Preserving case of letters",[357,1719,1720],{},"In the event that BibTeX has been set by the chosen style not to preserve all capitalization within titles, problems can occur, especially if you are referring to proper nouns, or acronyms. To tell BibTeX to keep them, use the curly braces around the letter in question, (or letters, if it's an acronym) and all will be well!",[396,1722,1724],{"className":398,"code":1723,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"title = \"The {LaTeX} Companion\",\n",[364,1725,1726],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1727,1728],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1729,1723],{},[357,1731,1732,1733,1736],{},"However, ",[563,1734,1735],{},"avoid"," putting the whole title in curly braces, as it will look odd if a different capitalization format is used:",[396,1738,1740],{"className":398,"code":1739,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"title = \"{The LaTeX Companion}\",\n",[364,1741,1742],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1743,1744],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1745,1739],{},[357,1747,1748],{},"For convenience though, many people simply put double curly braces:",[396,1750,1752],{"className":398,"code":1751,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"title = {{The LaTeX Companion}},\n",[364,1753,1754],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1755,1756],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1757,1751],{},[502,1759,1761],{"id":1760},"a-few-additional-examples","A few additional examples",[396,1763,1765],{"className":1225,"code":1764,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@article{AbedonHymanThomas2003,\n  author = \"Abedon, S. T. and Hyman, P. and Thomas, C.\",\n  year = \"2003\",\n  title = \"Experimental examination of bacteriophage latent-period evolution as a response to bacterial availability\",\n  journal = \"Applied and Environmental Microbiology\",\n  volume = \"69\",\n  pages = \"7499--7506\"\n}\n\n@incollection{Abedon1994,\n  author = \"Abedon, S. T.\",\n  title = \"Lysis and the interaction between free phages and infected cells\",\n  pages = \"397--405\",\n  booktitle = \"Molecular biology of bacteriophage T4\",\n  editor = \"Karam, Jim D. and Drake, John W. and Kreuzer, Kenneth N.\",\n  publisher = \"ASM Press, Washington DC\",\n  year = \"1994\"\n}\n",[364,1766,1767,1772,1777,1782,1787,1792,1797,1802,1806,1810,1815,1820,1825,1830,1835,1840,1845,1851],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1768,1769],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1770,1771],{},"@article{AbedonHymanThomas2003,\n",[405,1773,1774],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1775,1776],{},"  author = \"Abedon, S. T. and Hyman, P. and Thomas, C.\",\n",[405,1778,1779],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1780,1781],{},"  year = \"2003\",\n",[405,1783,1784],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1785,1786],{},"  title = \"Experimental examination of bacteriophage latent-period evolution as a response to bacterial availability\",\n",[405,1788,1789],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1790,1791],{},"  journal = \"Applied and Environmental Microbiology\",\n",[405,1793,1794],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1795,1796],{},"  volume = \"69\",\n",[405,1798,1799],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1800,1801],{},"  pages = \"7499--7506\"\n",[405,1803,1804],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,1805,1273],{},[405,1807,1808],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,1809,418],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":417},[405,1811,1812],{"class":407,"line":462},[405,1813,1814],{},"@incollection{Abedon1994,\n",[405,1816,1817],{"class":407,"line":1469},[405,1818,1819],{},"  author = \"Abedon, S. T.\",\n",[405,1821,1822],{"class":407,"line":1542},[405,1823,1824],{},"  title = \"Lysis and the interaction between free phages and infected cells\",\n",[405,1826,1827],{"class":407,"line":1547},[405,1828,1829],{},"  pages = \"397--405\",\n",[405,1831,1832],{"class":407,"line":1636},[405,1833,1834],{},"  booktitle = \"Molecular biology of bacteriophage T4\",\n",[405,1836,1837],{"class":407,"line":1642},[405,1838,1839],{},"  editor = \"Karam, Jim D. and Drake, John W. and Kreuzer, Kenneth N.\",\n",[405,1841,1842],{"class":407,"line":1648},[405,1843,1844],{},"  publisher = \"ASM Press, Washington DC\",\n",[405,1846,1848],{"class":407,"line":1847},17,[405,1849,1850],{},"  year = \"1994\"\n",[405,1852,1854],{"class":407,"line":1853},18,[405,1855,1273],{},[357,1857,1858,1859,1862],{},"If you have to cite a website you can use ",[364,1860,1861],{},"@misc",":",[396,1864,1866],{"className":1225,"code":1865,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@misc{website:fermentas-lambda,\n      author = \"Fermentas Inc.\",\n      title = \"Phage Lambda: description \\& restriction map\",\n      month = \"November\",\n      year = \"2008\",\n      url = \"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fermentas.com\u002Ftechinfo\u002Fnucleicacids\u002Fmaplambda.htm\"\n}\n",[364,1867,1868,1873,1878,1883,1888,1893,1898],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1869,1870],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1871,1872],{},"@misc{website:fermentas-lambda,\n",[405,1874,1875],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1876,1877],{},"      author = \"Fermentas Inc.\",\n",[405,1879,1880],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1881,1882],{},"      title = \"Phage Lambda: description \\& restriction map\",\n",[405,1884,1885],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1886,1887],{},"      month = \"November\",\n",[405,1889,1890],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1891,1892],{},"      year = \"2008\",\n",[405,1894,1895],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1896,1897],{},"      url = \"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fermentas.com\u002Ftechinfo\u002Fnucleicacids\u002Fmaplambda.htm\"\n",[405,1899,1900],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1901,1273],{},[357,1903,1904,1905,1908],{},"The ",[364,1906,1907],{},"note"," field comes in handy if you need to add unstructured information:",[396,1910,1912],{"className":1225,"code":1911,"language":1215,"meta":401,"style":401},"@article{blackholes,\n      author = \"Rabbert Klein\",\n      title = \"Black Holes and Their Relation to Hiding Eggs\",\n      journal = \"Theoretical Easter Physics\",\n      publisher = \"Eggs Ltd.\",\n      year = \"2010\",\n      note = \"(to appear)\"\n}\n",[364,1913,1914,1919,1924,1929,1934,1939,1944,1949],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1915,1916],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1917,1918],{},"@article{blackholes,\n",[405,1920,1921],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1922,1923],{},"      author = \"Rabbert Klein\",\n",[405,1925,1926],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1927,1928],{},"      title = \"Black Holes and Their Relation to Hiding Eggs\",\n",[405,1930,1931],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,1932,1933],{},"      journal = \"Theoretical Easter Physics\",\n",[405,1935,1936],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,1937,1938],{},"      publisher = \"Eggs Ltd.\",\n",[405,1940,1941],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,1942,1943],{},"      year = \"2010\",\n",[405,1945,1946],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,1947,1948],{},"      note = \"(to appear)\"\n",[405,1950,1951],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,1952,1273],{},[502,1954,1956],{"id":1955},"getting-current-latex-document-to-use-your-bib-file","Getting current LaTeX document to use your .bib file",[357,1958,1959,1960,1962],{},"At the end of your LaTeX file (that is, after the content, but before ",[364,1961,393],{},"), you need to place the following commands:",[396,1964,1966],{"className":398,"code":1965,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\bibliographystyle{plain}\n\\bibliography{sample1,sample2,...,samplen}\n% Note the lack of whitespace between the commas and the next bib file.\n",[364,1967,1968,1973,1978],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,1969,1970],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,1971,1972],{},"\\bibliographystyle{plain}\n",[405,1974,1975],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,1976,1977],{},"\\bibliography{sample1,sample2,...,samplen}\n",[405,1979,1980],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,1981,1982],{},"% Note the lack of whitespace between the commas and the next bib file.\n",[357,1984,1985,1986,1988,1989,1992,1993,1996],{},"Bibliography styles are files recognized by BibTeX that tell it how to format the information stored in the ",[364,1987,366],{}," file when processed for output. The first command is declaring which style file to use. The style file in this instance is ",[364,1990,1991],{},"plain.bst"," (which comes as standard with BibTeX). You do not need to add the ",[364,1994,1995],{},".bst"," extension when using this command.",[357,1998,1999,2000,2002,2003,2005,2006,1334,2009,2012,2013,2015],{},"The second command is the one that actually specifies the ",[364,2001,366],{}," file you wish to use. If your ",[364,2004,366],{}," file was elsewhere, you need to specify the path as well, e.g. ",[364,2007,2008],{},"\\bibliography{\u002Fsome\u002Fwhere\u002Fsample}",[364,2010,2011],{},"\\bibliography{..\u002Fsample1}"," (if the ",[364,2014,366],{}," file is in the parent directory).",[502,2017,2019],{"id":2018},"why-wont-latex-generate-any-output","Why won't LaTeX generate any output?",[357,2021,2022],{},"The addition of BibTeX adds extra complexity for the processing of the source to the desired output. You actually need multiple passes to accomplish the task:",[1171,2024,2025,2030,2035,2039],{},[1174,2026,2027],{},[364,2028,2029],{},"latex latex_source_code.tex",[1174,2031,2032],{},[364,2033,2034],{},"bibtex latex_source_code.aux",[1174,2036,2037],{},[364,2038,2029],{},[1174,2040,2041],{},[364,2042,2029],{},[357,2044,2045],{},"After the first LaTeX run, you will see errors such as:",[396,2047,2052],{"className":2048,"code":2050,"language":2051,"meta":401},[2049],"language-text","LaTeX Warning: Citation `lamport94' on page 1 undefined on input line 21.\n...\nLaTeX Warning: There were undefined references.\n","text",[364,2053,2050],{"__ignoreMap":401},[357,2055,2056,2057,2059],{},"The next step is to run ",[364,2058,1215],{}," on that same LaTeX source (or more precisely the corresponding AUX file). The third step, invoking LaTeX for the second time, will see more errors like \"Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right.\" All you have to do is run LaTeX for the third time.",[357,2061,2062,2063,1120,2066,1862],{},"If you want a PDF output instead of a DVI output you can use ",[364,2064,2065],{},"pdflatex",[364,2067,400],{},[1171,2069,2070,2075,2079,2083],{},[1174,2071,2072],{},[364,2073,2074],{},"pdflatex latex_source_code.tex",[1174,2076,2077],{},[364,2078,2034],{},[1174,2080,2081],{},[364,2082,2074],{},[1174,2084,2085],{},[364,2086,2074],{},[357,2088,2089],{},[563,2090,2091],{},"Frequently occurring errors:",[1187,2093,2094,2097,2103],{},[1174,2095,2096],{},"BibTeX is irritated by spaces in the bibliography file's name. Spaces in file names are not allowed with BibTeX.",[1174,2098,2099,2100,2102],{},"Empty bibliography: Did you cite something in the document? Use ",[364,2101,736],{}," to list all entries, or simply cite something.",[1174,2104,2105],{},"BibTeX keeps complaining over an entry with quotation marks despite the syntax looks correct? The quotation marks may be similar looking, but wrong characters.",[502,2107,2109],{"id":2108},"including-urls-in-bibliography","Including URLs in bibliography",[357,2111,2112,2113,2116,2117,1334,2119,2121],{},"There is no dedicated field for URLs. One possibility is to include Internet addresses in ",[364,2114,2115],{},"howpublished"," field of ",[364,2118,1861],{},[364,2120,1907],{}," field:",[396,2123,2125],{"className":398,"code":2124,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"howpublished = \"\\url{http:\u002F\u002Fwww.example.com}\"\n",[364,2126,2127],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2128,2129],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2130,2124],{},[357,2132,2133,2134,1862],{},"Another way is to use special field ",[364,2135,2136],{},"url",[396,2138,2140],{"className":398,"code":2139,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"url = \"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.example.com\"\n",[364,2141,2142],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2143,2144],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2145,2139],{},[357,2147,2148,2149,2152,2153,2156],{},"You need to use ",[364,2150,2151],{},"\\usepackage{url}"," in the first case or ",[364,2154,2155],{},"\\usepackage{hyperref}"," in the second case.",[502,2158,2160],{"id":2159},"customizing-bibliography-appearance","Customizing bibliography appearance",[357,2162,2163],{},"One of the main advantages of BibTeX, especially for people who write many research papers, is the ability to customize your bibliography to suit the requirements of a given publication.",[357,2165,2166,2167,2169,2170,2173,2174,2177],{},"A bibliography style file (",[364,2168,1995],{},") will tell LaTeX how to format each attribute, what order to put them in, what punctuation to use between particular attributes etc. Unfortunately, creating such a style by hand is not a trivial task. Which is why ",[563,2171,2172],{},"Makebst"," (also known as ",[745,2175,2176],{},"custom-bib",") is the tool we need.",[357,2179,2180,2181,2183],{},"Makebst can be used to automatically generate a ",[364,2182,1995],{}," file based on your needs. It asks you a series of questions about your preferences. At the command line, type:",[396,2185,2189],{"className":2186,"code":2187,"language":2188,"meta":401,"style":401},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","latex makebst\n","bash",[364,2190,2191],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2192,2193,2196],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2194,400],{"class":2195},"sBMFI",[405,2197,2199],{"class":2198},"sfazB"," makebst\n",[502,2201,2203],{"id":2202},"localizing-bibliography-appearance","Localizing bibliography appearance",[357,2205,2206,2207,2210],{},"When writing documents in languages other than English, you may find it desirable to adapt the appearance of your bibliography to the document language. The ",[364,2208,2209],{},"babelbib"," package can be used here. For example, to layout the bibliography in German:",[396,2212,2214],{"className":398,"code":2213,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\usepackage[fixlanguage]{babelbib}\n\\selectbiblanguage{german}\n",[364,2215,2216,2221],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2217,2218],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2219,2220],{},"\\usepackage[fixlanguage]{babelbib}\n",[405,2222,2223],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2224,2225],{},"\\selectbiblanguage{german}\n",[502,2227,2229],{"id":2228},"showing-unused-items","Showing unused items",[357,2231,2232,2233,2235],{},"Usually LaTeX only displays the entries which are referred to with ",[364,2234,511],{},". It's possible to make uncited entries visible:",[396,2237,2239],{"className":398,"code":2238,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\nocite{Name89} % Show Bibliography entry of Name89\n\\nocite{*}      % Show all Bib-entries\n",[364,2240,2241,2246],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2242,2243],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2244,2245],{},"\\nocite{Name89} % Show Bibliography entry of Name89\n",[405,2247,2248],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2249,2250],{},"\\nocite{*}      % Show all Bib-entries\n",[502,2252,2254],{"id":2253},"getting-bibliographic-data","Getting bibliographic data",[357,2256,2257],{},"Many online databases provide bibliographic data in BibTeX format, making it easy to build your own database. For example, Google Scholar offers the option to return properly formatted output.",[502,2259,2261],{"id":2260},"summary","Summary",[357,2263,2264,2265,2267],{},"Although it can take a little time to get to grips with BibTeX, in the long term, it's an efficient way to handle your references. Having all your references in one place can be a big advantage. And having them in a structured form, that allows customizable output is another one. There are a variety of free utilities that can load your ",[364,2266,366],{}," files, and allow you to view them in a more efficient manner.",[377,2269,2271],{"id":2270},"bibliography-in-the-table-of-contents","Bibliography in the table of contents",[357,2273,2274,2275,1334,2277,2280],{},"If you are writing a ",[745,2276,1283],{},[745,2278,2279],{},"report",", you'll likely insert your bibliography using something like:",[396,2282,2284],{"className":398,"code":2283,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\bibliographystyle{plain}\n\\bibliography{mybibtexfile}\n",[364,2285,2286,2290],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2287,2288],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2289,1972],{},[405,2291,2292],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2293,2294],{},"\\bibliography{mybibtexfile}\n",[357,2296,2297],{},"This will create a chapter-like (or section-like) output showing all your references. But even though the resulting \"References\" looks like a chapter or section, it will not appear in the Table of Contents.",[502,2299,2301],{"id":2300},"using-tocbibind","Using tocbibind",[357,2303,2304,2305,1862],{},"The most comfortable way of adding your bibliography to the table of contents is to use the dedicated package ",[563,2306,2307],{},"tocbibind",[396,2309,2311],{"className":398,"code":2310,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\usepackage[nottoc]{tocbibind}\n",[364,2312,2313],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2314,2315],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2316,2310],{},[357,2318,2319],{},"This will include the Bibliography in the Table of Contents without numbering. If you want to have proper numbering:",[396,2321,2323],{"className":398,"code":2322,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\usepackage[nottoc,numbib]{tocbibind}\n",[364,2324,2325],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2326,2327],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2328,2322],{},[357,2330,1904,2331,2333],{},[563,2332,2307],{}," package can also handle including the List of Figures, List of Tables and the Table of Contents itself in the Table of Contents.",[502,2335,2337],{"id":2336},"other-methods","Other methods",[1001,2339,2341],{"id":2340},"as-unnumbered-item","As unnumbered item",[357,2343,2344,2345,2347],{},"If you want your bibliography to be in the table of contents, just add the following two lines just before the ",[364,2346,389],{}," environment:",[396,2349,2351],{"className":398,"code":2350,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\clearpage% or cleardoublepage\n\\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}\n",[364,2352,2353,2358],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2354,2355],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2356,2357],{},"\\clearpage% or cleardoublepage\n",[405,2359,2360],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2361,2362],{},"\\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}\n",[357,2364,2365,2366,2369,2370,2372],{},"(OR ",[364,2367,2368],{},"\\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Bibliography}"," if you're writing an ",[745,2371,1287],{},")",[357,2374,2375,2376,2379,2380,2383],{},"If you use the ",[364,2377,2378],{},"hyperref"," package, you should also use the ",[364,2381,2382],{},"\\phantomsection"," command to enable hyperlinking from the table of contents to bibliography:",[396,2385,2387],{"className":398,"code":2386,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\clearpage% or cleardoublepage\n\\phantomsection\n\\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}\n",[364,2388,2389,2393,2398],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2390,2391],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2392,2357],{},[405,2394,2395],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2396,2397],{},"\\phantomsection\n",[405,2399,2400],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,2401,2362],{},[1001,2403,2405],{"id":2404},"as-numbered-item","As numbered item",[357,2407,2408],{},"If you instead want bibliography to be a numbered section or chapter:",[396,2410,2412],{"className":398,"code":2411,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\cleardoublepage\n\\renewcommand*{\\refname}{}\n\\section{Bibliography}\n\n\\begin{thebibliography}{99}\n...\n\\end{thebibliography}\n",[364,2413,2414,2419,2424,2429,2433,2438,2443],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2415,2416],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2417,2418],{},"\\cleardoublepage\n",[405,2420,2421],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2422,2423],{},"\\renewcommand*{\\refname}{}\n",[405,2425,2426],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,2427,2428],{},"\\section{Bibliography}\n",[405,2430,2431],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,2432,418],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":417},[405,2434,2435],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,2436,2437],{},"\\begin{thebibliography}{99}\n",[405,2439,2440],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,2441,2442],{},"...\n",[405,2444,2445],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,2446,465],{},[357,2448,2449,2450,2453,2454,1120,2457,1862],{},"If you are using BibTeX, the ",[364,2451,2452],{},"\\bibliography"," command, and the book or report class, you will need to redefine ",[364,2455,2456],{},"\\bibname",[364,2458,2459],{},"\\refname",[396,2461,2463],{"className":398,"code":2462,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\renewcommand{\\bibname}{\\section{Sources} }\n\\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}\n\\bibliography{your_bib_file_names}\n",[364,2464,2465,2470,2475],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2466,2467],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2468,2469],{},"\\renewcommand{\\bibname}{\\section{Sources} }\n",[405,2471,2472],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2473,2474],{},"\\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}\n",[405,2476,2477],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,2478,2479],{},"\\bibliography{your_bib_file_names}\n",[377,2481,2482],{"id":2482},"biblatex",[357,2484,2485,2486,2488],{},"As we said before, ",[364,2487,2482],{}," is widely considered the successor of BibTeX. Intended as a full replacement for BibTeX, it is more configurable in its output and provides a multitude of new styles (for output) and fields (for the database) that can be used in a document. For now, refer to its comprehensive documentation on CTAN.",[502,2490,2492],{"id":2491},"entry-and-field-types-in-bib-files","Entry and field types in .bib files",[357,2494,1904,2495,2497],{},[364,2496,2482],{}," package supports a wide range of entry types including:",[1187,2499,2500,2515,2526,2539,2552],{},[1174,2501,2502,1284,2504,1284,2506,1284,2509,1284,2512],{},[364,2503,1402],{},[364,2505,1476],{},[364,2507,2508],{},"@mvbook",[364,2510,2511],{},"@inbook",[364,2513,2514],{},"@bookinbook",[1174,2516,2517,1284,2520,1284,2523],{},[364,2518,2519],{},"@collection",[364,2521,2522],{},"@mvcollection",[364,2524,2525],{},"@incollection",[1174,2527,2528,1284,2531,1284,2534,1284,2536],{},[364,2529,2530],{},"@proceedings",[364,2532,2533],{},"@mvproceedings",[364,2535,1554],{},[364,2537,2538],{},"@conference",[1174,2540,2541,1284,2544,1284,2546,1284,2549],{},[364,2542,2543],{},"@manual",[364,2545,1861],{},[364,2547,2548],{},"@online",[364,2550,2551],{},"@patent",[1174,2553,2554,1284,2557,1284,2560],{},[364,2555,2556],{},"@report",[364,2558,2559],{},"@thesis",[364,2561,2562],{},"@unpublished",[357,2564,2565,2566,2569,2570,1334,2573,2576,2577,2580,2581,2584],{},"The only field that is always mandatory is ",[364,2567,2568],{},"title",". All entry types also require either ",[364,2571,2572],{},"date",[364,2574,2575],{},"year"," and they specify which of ",[364,2578,2579],{},"author"," and ",[364,2582,2583],{},"editor"," they expect or whether they can use both.",[357,2586,2587],{},"Some entry types are hard to distinguish and are treated the same by standard styles:",[1187,2589,2590,2598,2608,2615,2625,2632],{},[1174,2591,2592,2594,2595],{},[364,2593,1402],{}," is the same as hypothetic ",[364,2596,2597],{},"@inperiodical",[1174,2599,2600,2602,2603,2602,2605],{},[364,2601,2511],{}," = ",[364,2604,2514],{},[364,2606,2607],{},"@suppbook",[1174,2609,2610,2602,2612],{},[364,2611,2519],{},[364,2613,2614],{},"@reference",[1174,2616,2617,2602,2619,2602,2622],{},[364,2618,2548],{},[364,2620,2621],{},"@electronic",[364,2623,2624],{},"@www",[1174,2626,2627,2602,2629],{},[364,2628,2556],{},[364,2630,2631],{},"@techreport",[1174,2633,2634,2602,2636,2602,2639],{},[364,2635,2559],{},[364,2637,2638],{},"@mastersthesis",[364,2640,1655],{},[502,2642,2644],{"id":2643},"printing-bibliography","Printing bibliography",[357,2646,2647,2648,2651],{},"Presuming we have defined our references in a file called ",[364,2649,2650],{},"references.bib",", we add this to biblatex by adding the following to the preamble:",[396,2653,2655],{"className":398,"code":2654,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\addbibresource{references.bib}\n",[364,2656,2657],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2658,2659],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2660,2654],{},[357,2662,2663],{},"Print the bibliography with this macro (usually at the end of the document body):",[396,2665,2667],{"className":398,"code":2666,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\printbibliography\n",[364,2668,2669],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2670,2671],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2672,2666],{},[1001,2674,2676],{"id":2675},"printing-separate-bibliographies","Printing separate bibliographies",[357,2678,2679],{},"We can separate the bibliography into papers, books and others:",[396,2681,2683],{"className":398,"code":2682,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\printbibliography[title={Book references},type=book]\n\\printbibliography[title={Article references},type=article]\n\\printbibliography[title={Other references}, nottype=article, nottype=book]\n",[364,2684,2685,2690,2695],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2686,2687],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2688,2689],{},"\\printbibliography[title={Book references},type=book]\n",[405,2691,2692],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2693,2694],{},"\\printbibliography[title={Article references},type=article]\n",[405,2696,2697],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,2698,2699],{},"\\printbibliography[title={Other references}, nottype=article, nottype=book]\n",[357,2701,2702],{},"If the bib entries are located in multiple files we can add them like this:",[396,2704,2706],{"className":398,"code":2705,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\addbibresource{references.bib}\n\\addbibresource{other.bib}\n",[364,2707,2708,2712],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2709,2710],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2711,2654],{},[405,2713,2714],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2715,2716],{},"\\addbibresource{other.bib}\n",[1001,2718,2720],{"id":2719},"example-with-prefix-keys-subheadings-and-table-of-contents","Example with prefix keys, subheadings and table of contents",[357,2722,2723],{},"As the numbering of the bibliographies are independent, it can be useful to also separate the bibliographies using prefixnumbers such as a, b and c:",[396,2725,2727],{"className":398,"code":2726,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\printbibheading[\n  heading=bibintoc,\n  title={Resources}\n]\n\\phantomsection\n\\printbibliography[title={Printed sources}, heading=subbibliography, prefixnumbers={a}, type=book, type=article]\n\\phantomsection\n\\printbibliography[title={Online resources}, heading=subbibliography, prefixnumbers={c}, subtype=inet]\n\\phantomsection\n\\printbibliography[title={Other}, heading=subbibliography, prefixnumbers={c}, nottype=article, nottype=book, notsubtype=inet]\n",[364,2728,2729,2734,2739,2744,2749,2753,2758,2762,2767,2771],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2730,2731],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2732,2733],{},"\\printbibheading[\n",[405,2735,2736],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2737,2738],{},"  heading=bibintoc,\n",[405,2740,2741],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,2742,2743],{},"  title={Resources}\n",[405,2745,2746],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,2747,2748],{},"]\n",[405,2750,2751],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,2752,2397],{},[405,2754,2755],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,2756,2757],{},"\\printbibliography[title={Printed sources}, heading=subbibliography, prefixnumbers={a}, type=book, type=article]\n",[405,2759,2760],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,2761,2397],{},[405,2763,2764],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,2765,2766],{},"\\printbibliography[title={Online resources}, heading=subbibliography, prefixnumbers={c}, subtype=inet]\n",[405,2768,2769],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,2770,2397],{},[405,2772,2773],{"class":407,"line":462},[405,2774,2775],{},"\\printbibliography[title={Other}, heading=subbibliography, prefixnumbers={c}, nottype=article, nottype=book, notsubtype=inet]\n",[377,2777,2779],{"id":2778},"multiple-bibliographies","Multiple bibliographies",[502,2781,2783],{"id":2782},"using-multibib","Using multibib",[357,2785,2786],{},"This package is for multiple Bibliographies for different sections in your work. For example, you can generate a bibliography for each chapter.",[502,2788,2790],{"id":2789},"using-bibtopic","Using bibtopic",[357,2792,1904,2793,2796],{},[364,2794,2795],{},"bibtopic"," package is created to split the citations among more files, so that you can divide the bibliography into more parts. It generates a separate aux file for each bibliography section.",[396,2798,2800],{"className":398,"code":2799,"language":400,"meta":401,"style":401},"\\documentclass[11pt]{article}\n\\usepackage{bibtopic}\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\bibliographystyle{alpha}\n\\section{Testing}\nLet's cite all the books: \\cite{ColBenh:93} and\n\\cite{Munt:93}; and an article: \\cite{RouxSmart:95}.\n\nFile books.bib is used for this listing:\n\\begin{btSect}{books}\n \\section{References from books}\n \\btPrintCited\n\\end{btSect}\nHere, the articles.bib is used:\n\\begin{btSect}[plain]{articles}\n \\section{References from articles}\n \\btPrintCited\n \\section{Articles not cited}\n \\btPrintNotCited\n\\end{btSect}\n\\begin{btSect}[plain]{internet}\n \\section{References from the internet}\n \\btPrintAll\n\\end{btSect}\n\\end{document}\n",[364,2801,2802,2807,2812,2817,2821,2826,2831,2836,2841,2845,2850,2855,2860,2865,2870,2875,2880,2885,2889,2895,2901,2906,2912,2918,2924,2929],{"__ignoreMap":401},[405,2803,2804],{"class":407,"line":408},[405,2805,2806],{},"\\documentclass[11pt]{article}\n",[405,2808,2809],{"class":407,"line":414},[405,2810,2811],{},"\\usepackage{bibtopic}\n",[405,2813,2814],{"class":407,"line":421},[405,2815,2816],{},"\\begin{document}\n",[405,2818,2819],{"class":407,"line":427},[405,2820,418],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":417},[405,2822,2823],{"class":407,"line":433},[405,2824,2825],{},"\\bibliographystyle{alpha}\n",[405,2827,2828],{"class":407,"line":439},[405,2829,2830],{},"\\section{Testing}\n",[405,2832,2833],{"class":407,"line":445},[405,2834,2835],{},"Let's cite all the books: \\cite{ColBenh:93} and\n",[405,2837,2838],{"class":407,"line":451},[405,2839,2840],{},"\\cite{Munt:93}; and an article: \\cite{RouxSmart:95}.\n",[405,2842,2843],{"class":407,"line":457},[405,2844,418],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":417},[405,2846,2847],{"class":407,"line":462},[405,2848,2849],{},"File books.bib is used for this listing:\n",[405,2851,2852],{"class":407,"line":1469},[405,2853,2854],{},"\\begin{btSect}{books}\n",[405,2856,2857],{"class":407,"line":1542},[405,2858,2859],{}," \\section{References from books}\n",[405,2861,2862],{"class":407,"line":1547},[405,2863,2864],{}," \\btPrintCited\n",[405,2866,2867],{"class":407,"line":1636},[405,2868,2869],{},"\\end{btSect}\n",[405,2871,2872],{"class":407,"line":1642},[405,2873,2874],{},"Here, the articles.bib is used:\n",[405,2876,2877],{"class":407,"line":1648},[405,2878,2879],{},"\\begin{btSect}[plain]{articles}\n",[405,2881,2882],{"class":407,"line":1847},[405,2883,2884],{}," \\section{References from articles}\n",[405,2886,2887],{"class":407,"line":1853},[405,2888,2864],{},[405,2890,2892],{"class":407,"line":2891},19,[405,2893,2894],{}," \\section{Articles not cited}\n",[405,2896,2898],{"class":407,"line":2897},20,[405,2899,2900],{}," \\btPrintNotCited\n",[405,2902,2904],{"class":407,"line":2903},21,[405,2905,2869],{},[405,2907,2909],{"class":407,"line":2908},22,[405,2910,2911],{},"\\begin{btSect}[plain]{internet}\n",[405,2913,2915],{"class":407,"line":2914},23,[405,2916,2917],{}," \\section{References from the internet}\n",[405,2919,2921],{"class":407,"line":2920},24,[405,2922,2923],{}," \\btPrintAll\n",[405,2925,2927],{"class":407,"line":2926},25,[405,2928,2869],{},[405,2930,2932],{"class":407,"line":2931},26,[405,2933,2934],{},"\\end{document}\n",[2936,2937,2938],"style",{},"html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}",{"title":401,"searchDepth":414,"depth":414,"links":2940},[2941,2942,2949,2963,2967,2971],{"id":379,"depth":414,"text":380},{"id":489,"depth":414,"text":490,"children":2943},[2944,2945,2946,2947,2948],{"id":504,"depth":421,"text":505},{"id":531,"depth":421,"text":532},{"id":554,"depth":421,"text":555},{"id":713,"depth":421,"text":714},{"id":709,"depth":421,"text":740},{"id":1215,"depth":414,"text":1216,"children":2950},[2951,2952,2953,2954,2955,2956,2957,2958,2959,2960,2961,2962],{"id":1327,"depth":421,"text":348},{"id":1393,"depth":421,"text":1394},{"id":1716,"depth":421,"text":1717},{"id":1760,"depth":421,"text":1761},{"id":1955,"depth":421,"text":1956},{"id":2018,"depth":421,"text":2019},{"id":2108,"depth":421,"text":2109},{"id":2159,"depth":421,"text":2160},{"id":2202,"depth":421,"text":2203},{"id":2228,"depth":421,"text":2229},{"id":2253,"depth":421,"text":2254},{"id":2260,"depth":421,"text":2261},{"id":2270,"depth":414,"text":2271,"children":2964},[2965,2966],{"id":2300,"depth":421,"text":2301},{"id":2336,"depth":421,"text":2337},{"id":2482,"depth":414,"text":2482,"children":2968},[2969,2970],{"id":2491,"depth":421,"text":2492},{"id":2643,"depth":421,"text":2644},{"id":2778,"depth":414,"text":2779,"children":2972},[2973,2974],{"id":2782,"depth":421,"text":2783},{"id":2789,"depth":421,"text":2790},"Comprehensive guide to managing bibliographies in LaTeX using BibTeX, BibLaTeX, natbib, and related tools.","md",null,{},{"title":182,"description":2975},"_Zwqez9s-DPwzMdnM1u6aFBXcM1r1rqp4JNH28klG4Y",[2982,2984],{"title":178,"path":179,"stem":180,"description":2983,"children":-1},"Formatting syntactic trees, phonetic alphabets, glosses, and other linguistic features in LaTeX.",{"title":186,"path":187,"stem":188,"description":2985,"children":-1},"Advanced bibliography functionality using Natbib for author-year citation styles and multiple bibliography management in LaTeX.",1785155510070]