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Documents","\u002Fappendices\u002Fsample-latex-documents","11.appendices\u002F02.sample-latex-documents",{"title":344,"path":345,"stem":346},"Links","\u002Fappendices\u002Flinks","11.appendices\u002F03.links",{"title":348,"path":349,"stem":350},"Authors","\u002Fappendices\u002Fauthors","11.appendices\u002F04.authors",{"id":352,"title":246,"body":353,"description":680,"extension":681,"links":682,"meta":683,"navigation":684,"path":247,"seo":685,"stem":248,"__hash__":686},"docs\u002F08.specialized-documents\u002F07.xy-pic.md",{"type":354,"value":355,"toc":674},"minimark",[356,360,377,384,389,395,411,422,437,440,461,464,483,487,490,509,516,535,542,546,549,610,614,617,626,650,659,670],[357,358,359],"p",{},"xy is a special package for drawing diagrams. To use it, simply add the following line to the preamble of your document:",[361,362,367],"pre",{"className":363,"code":364,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"language-latex shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","\\usepackage[all]{xy}\n","latex","",[368,369,370],"code",{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,372,375],"span",{"class":373,"line":374},"line",1,[371,376,364],{},[357,378,379,380,383],{},"where \"all\" means you want to load a large standard set of functions from ",[381,382,246],"em",{},", suitable for developing the kind of diagrams discussed here.",[385,386,388],"h2",{"id":387},"basic-matrix-diagrams","Basic matrix diagrams",[357,390,391,392,394],{},"The primary way to draw ",[381,393,246],{}," diagrams is over a matrix-oriented canvas, where each diagram element is placed in a matrix slot:",[361,396,398],{"className":363,"code":397,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{A & B \\\\\n          C & D }\n",[368,399,400,405],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,401,402],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,403,404],{},"\\xymatrix{A & B \\\\\n",[371,406,408],{"class":373,"line":407},2,[371,409,410],{},"          C & D }\n",[357,412,413,414,417,418,421],{},"The ",[368,415,416],{},"\\xymatrix"," command puts its contents in math mode. Here, we specified two lines and two columns. To make this matrix a diagram we just add directed arrows using the ",[368,419,420],{},"\\ar"," command.",[361,423,425],{"className":363,"code":424,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{ A \\ar[r] & B \\ar[d] \\\\\n           D \\ar[u] & C \\ar[l] }\n",[368,426,427,432],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,428,429],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,430,431],{},"\\xymatrix{ A \\ar[r] & B \\ar[d] \\\\\n",[371,433,434],{"class":373,"line":407},[371,435,436],{},"           D \\ar[u] & C \\ar[l] }\n",[357,438,439],{},"The arrow command is placed on the origin cell for the arrow. The arguments are the direction the arrow should point to (up, down, right, and left).",[361,441,443],{"className":363,"code":442,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{\n    A \\ar[d] \\ar[dr] \\ar[r] & B \\\\\n    D                       & C }\n",[368,444,445,450,455],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,446,447],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,448,449],{},"\\xymatrix{\n",[371,451,452],{"class":373,"line":407},[371,453,454],{},"    A \\ar[d] \\ar[dr] \\ar[r] & B \\\\\n",[371,456,458],{"class":373,"line":457},3,[371,459,460],{},"    D                       & C }\n",[357,462,463],{},"To make diagonals, just use more than one direction. You can repeat directions to make bigger arrows.",[361,465,467],{"className":363,"code":466,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{\n    A \\ar[d] \\ar[dr] \\ar[drr] &   &   \\\\\n    B                         & C & D }\n",[368,468,469,473,478],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,470,471],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,472,449],{},[371,474,475],{"class":373,"line":407},[371,476,477],{},"    A \\ar[d] \\ar[dr] \\ar[drr] &   &   \\\\\n",[371,479,480],{"class":373,"line":457},[371,481,482],{},"    B                         & C & D }\n",[385,484,486],{"id":485},"labeling-arrows","Labeling arrows",[357,488,489],{},"We can draw even more interesting diagrams by adding labels to the arrows. To do this, we use the common superscript and subscript operators.",[361,491,493],{"className":363,"code":492,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{\n    A \\ar[r]^f \\ar[d]_g & B \\ar[d]^{g'} \\\\\n    D \\ar[r]_{f'}       & C }\n",[368,494,495,499,504],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,496,497],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,498,449],{},[371,500,501],{"class":373,"line":407},[371,502,503],{},"    A \\ar[r]^f \\ar[d]_g & B \\ar[d]^{g'} \\\\\n",[371,505,506],{"class":373,"line":457},[371,507,508],{},"    D \\ar[r]_{f'}       & C }\n",[357,510,511,512,515],{},"As shown, you use these operators as in math mode. The only difference is that that superscript means \"on top of the arrow\", and subscript means \"under the arrow\". There is a third operator, the vertical bar: ",[368,513,514],{},"|"," It causes text to be placed in the arrow.",[361,517,519],{"className":363,"code":518,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{\n    A \\ar[r]|f \\ar[d]|g & B \\ar[d]|{g'} \\\\\n    D \\ar[r]|{f'}       & C }\n",[368,520,521,525,530],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,522,523],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,524,449],{},[371,526,527],{"class":373,"line":407},[371,528,529],{},"    A \\ar[r]|f \\ar[d]|g & B \\ar[d]|{g'} \\\\\n",[371,531,532],{"class":373,"line":457},[371,533,534],{},"    D \\ar[r]|{f'}       & C }\n",[357,536,537,538,541],{},"To draw an arrow with a hole in it, use ",[368,539,540],{},"\\ar[...|\\hole",".",[385,543,545],{"id":544},"arrow-styles","Arrow styles",[357,547,548],{},"In some situations, it is important to distinguish between different types of arrows. This can be done by putting labels on them or changing their appearance:",[361,550,552],{"className":363,"code":551,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{\n    \\bullet\\ar@{->}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@{.\u003C}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@{~)}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@{=}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@{~\u002F}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@{^{(}->}[rr] && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@2{->}[rr]    && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@3{->}[rr]    && \\bullet\\\\\n    \\bullet\\ar@{=+}[rr]     && \\bullet }\n",[368,553,554,558,563,568,574,580,586,592,598,604],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,555,556],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,557,449],{},[371,559,560],{"class":373,"line":407},[371,561,562],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@{->}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,564,565],{"class":373,"line":457},[371,566,567],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@{.\u003C}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,569,571],{"class":373,"line":570},4,[371,572,573],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@{~)}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,575,577],{"class":373,"line":576},5,[371,578,579],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@{=}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,581,583],{"class":373,"line":582},6,[371,584,585],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@{~\u002F}[rr]     && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,587,589],{"class":373,"line":588},7,[371,590,591],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@{^{(}->}[rr] && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,593,595],{"class":373,"line":594},8,[371,596,597],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@2{->}[rr]    && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,599,601],{"class":373,"line":600},9,[371,602,603],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@3{->}[rr]    && \\bullet\\\\\n",[371,605,607],{"class":373,"line":606},10,[371,608,609],{},"    \\bullet\\ar@{=+}[rr]     && \\bullet }\n",[385,611,613],{"id":612},"curved-arrows","Curved arrows",[357,615,616],{},"Notice the difference between the following two diagrams:",[361,618,620],{"className":363,"code":619,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{ \\bullet \\ar[r] \\ar@{.>}[r] & \\bullet }\n",[368,621,622],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,623,624],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,625,619],{},[361,627,629],{"className":363,"code":628,"language":365,"meta":366,"style":366},"\\xymatrix{\n    \\bullet \\ar@\u002F^\u002F[r]\n    \\ar@\u002F_\u002F@{.>}[r] &\n    \\bullet }\n",[368,630,631,635,640,645],{"__ignoreMap":366},[371,632,633],{"class":373,"line":374},[371,634,449],{},[371,636,637],{"class":373,"line":407},[371,638,639],{},"    \\bullet \\ar@\u002F^\u002F[r]\n",[371,641,642],{"class":373,"line":457},[371,643,644],{},"    \\ar@\u002F_\u002F@{.>}[r] &\n",[371,646,647],{"class":373,"line":570},[371,648,649],{},"    \\bullet }\n",[357,651,652,653,655,656,658],{},"The modifiers between the slashes define how the curves are drawn. ",[381,654,246],{}," offers many ways to influence the drawing of curves; for more information, check the ",[381,657,246],{}," documentation.",[357,660,661,662,669],{},"If you are interested in a more thorough introduction then consult the ",[663,664,668],"a",{"href":665,"rel":666},"http:\u002F\u002Fxy-pic.sourceforge.net",[667],"nofollow","Xy-pic Home Page",", which contains links to several other tutorials as well as the reference documentation.",[671,672,673],"style",{},"html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":366,"searchDepth":407,"depth":407,"links":675},[676,677,678,679],{"id":387,"depth":407,"text":388},{"id":485,"depth":407,"text":486},{"id":544,"depth":407,"text":545},{"id":612,"depth":407,"text":613},"Learn to create matrix-based diagrams, arrows, curves, and commutative diagrams in LaTeX with Xy-pic.","md",null,{},true,{"title":246,"description":680},"Ocye-Q3oh15JDHLMsN4br32YtZl_87LooqZ0WDxybY0",[688,690],{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244,"description":689,"children":-1},"Writing academic papers in MLA and APA style formats using LaTeX with the mla and apa classes.",{"title":250,"path":251,"stem":252,"description":691,"children":-1},"Learn how to create three-dimensional graphics in LaTeX documents using TikZ, pst-solides3d, and Asymptote.",1785155512455]