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Documents","\u002Fappendices\u002Fsample-latex-documents","11.appendices\u002F02.sample-latex-documents",{"title":344,"path":345,"stem":346},"Links","\u002Fappendices\u002Flinks","11.appendices\u002F03.links",{"title":348,"path":349,"stem":350},"Authors","\u002Fappendices\u002Fauthors","11.appendices\u002F04.authors",{"id":352,"title":76,"body":353,"description":1681,"extension":1682,"links":1683,"meta":1684,"navigation":1058,"path":77,"seo":1685,"stem":78,"__hash__":1686},"docs\u002F03.document-fundamentals\u002F07.special-characters.md",{"type":354,"value":355,"toc":1665},"minimark",[356,377,391,399,402,407,410,432,435,438,453,475,487,495,498,530,535,538,546,549,558,561,570,574,577,847,861,864,873,884,895,898,907,910,925,929,944,953,960,967,982,985,1005,1008,1025,1029,1039,1075,1094,1098,1101,1353,1366,1370,1374,1377,1563,1580,1595,1599,1602,1622,1626,1629,1661],[357,358,359,360,364,365,368,369,372,373,376],"p",{},"This chapter assumes you are using the ",[361,362,363],"code",{},"latex"," or ",[361,366,367],{},"pdflatex"," engines and need to concern yourself with TeX's various encodings. ",[361,370,371],{},"lualatex"," and ",[361,374,375],{},"xelatex",", on the other hand, accept Unicode input and can usually typeset documents using the correct glyphs without further user intervention. See the Fonts chapter's discussion of encoding for additional information.",[378,379,380],"blockquote",{},[357,381,382,386,387,390],{},[383,384,385],"strong",{},"Modern LaTeX (2018+):"," Since the April 2018 release, pdfTeX handles UTF-8 input natively. The ",[361,388,389],{},"\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}"," line is no longer required for most documents. If you're using a modern TeX distribution (TeX Live 2018 or later, MiKTeX 2.9 or later), UTF-8 is the default encoding.",[357,392,393,394,398],{},"In the following document, we will refer to ",[395,396,397],"em",{},"special characters"," for all symbols other than the lowercase letters a-z, uppercase letters A-Z, figures 0-9, and English punctuation marks.",[357,400,401],{},"The rules for producing characters with diacritical marks, such as accents, differ somewhat depending whether you are in text mode, math mode, or the tabbing environment.",[403,404,406],"h2",{"id":405},"input-encoding","Input Encoding",[357,408,409],{},"Modern LaTeX assumes UTF-8 source input. Older documents and legacy workflows may use other encodings:",[411,412,413,420,426],"ul",{},[414,415,416,419],"li",{},[383,417,418],{},"ASCII",": a 7-bit subset of UTF-8. It covers basic English characters.",[414,421,422,425],{},[383,423,424],{},"ISO-8859-1"," (a.k.a., Latin 1): 8-bits encoding. It supports most characters for Latin languages.",[414,427,428,431],{},[383,429,430],{},"UTF-8",": a Unicode multi-byte encoding. Supports the complete Unicode specification.",[357,433,434],{},"In the following we will assume that you want to use UTF-8.",[357,436,437],{},"There are some important steps to specify encoding:",[439,440,441,444,447,450],"ol",{},[414,442,443],{},"Make sure your text editor decodes the file in UTF-8.",[414,445,446],{},"Make sure it saves your file in UTF-8.",[414,448,449],{},"If you are working in a terminal, make sure it is set to support UTF-8 input and output.",[414,451,452],{},"Tell LaTeX that the source file is UTF-8 encoded (only needed for TeX distributions older than 2018):",[454,455,459],"pre",{"className":456,"code":457,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"language-latex shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","% Only needed if your TeX distribution is older than 2018\n% \\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n","",[361,460,461,469],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,463,466],"span",{"class":464,"line":465},"line",1,[462,467,468],{},"% Only needed if your TeX distribution is older than 2018\n",[462,470,472],{"class":464,"line":471},2,[462,473,474],{},"% \\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n",[378,476,477],{},[357,478,479,482,483,486],{},[383,480,481],{},"Note:"," Since April 2018, pdfTeX handles UTF-8 natively. The ",[361,484,485],{},"inputenc"," package is only needed for legacy systems.",[378,488,489],{},[357,490,491,494],{},[383,492,493],{},"Important:"," If you check the character encoding, be sure that your file contains at least one special character, otherwise it will be recognized as ASCII.",[357,496,497],{},"The inputenc package allows the user to change the encoding within the document as well:",[454,499,501],{"className":456,"code":500,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n% ...\n\\inputencoding{latin1}\n% ...\n\\inputencoding{utf8}\n",[361,502,503,508,513,519,524],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,504,505],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,506,507],{},"\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n",[462,509,510],{"class":464,"line":471},[462,511,512],{},"% ...\n",[462,514,516],{"class":464,"line":515},3,[462,517,518],{},"\\inputencoding{latin1}\n",[462,520,522],{"class":464,"line":521},4,[462,523,512],{},[462,525,527],{"class":464,"line":526},5,[462,528,529],{},"\\inputencoding{utf8}\n",[531,532,534],"h3",{"id":533},"extending-the-support","Extending the Support",[357,536,537],{},"UTF-8 can encode every Unicode character, but pdfLaTeX can typeset only characters supported by its LaTeX input mappings and loaded fonts. You might encounter:",[454,539,544],{"className":540,"code":542,"language":543,"meta":458},[541],"language-text","! Package inputenc Error: Unicode char \\u8:ũ not set up for use with LaTeX.\n","text",[361,545,542],{"__ignoreMap":458},[357,547,548],{},"You can define the characters yourself:",[454,550,552],{"className":456,"code":551,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{'codepoint'}{'TeX sequence'}\n",[361,553,554],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,555,556],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,557,551],{},[357,559,560],{},"Example:",[454,562,564],{"className":456,"code":563,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0177}{\\^y}\n",[361,565,566],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,567,568],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,569,563],{},[403,571,573],{"id":572},"escaped-codes","Escaped Codes",[357,575,576],{},"In addition to direct UTF-8 input, LaTeX supports the composition of special characters as well. The following accents may be placed on letters:",[578,579,580,596],"table",{},[581,582,583],"thead",{},[584,585,586,590,593],"tr",{},[587,588,589],"th",{},"LaTeX command",[587,591,592],{},"Sample",[587,594,595],{},"Description",[597,598,599,613,626,639,652,665,678,691,704,717,730,743,756,769,782,795,808,821,834],"tbody",{},[584,600,601,607,610],{},[602,603,604],"td",{},[361,605,606],{},"\\`{o}",[602,608,609],{},"ò",[602,611,612],{},"grave accent",[584,614,615,620,623],{},[602,616,617],{},[361,618,619],{},"\\'{o}",[602,621,622],{},"ó",[602,624,625],{},"acute accent",[584,627,628,633,636],{},[602,629,630],{},[361,631,632],{},"\\^{o}",[602,634,635],{},"ô",[602,637,638],{},"circumflex",[584,640,641,646,649],{},[602,642,643],{},[361,644,645],{},"\\\"{o}",[602,647,648],{},"ö",[602,650,651],{},"umlaut, trema or dieresis",[584,653,654,659,662],{},[602,655,656],{},[361,657,658],{},"\\H{o}",[602,660,661],{},"ő",[602,663,664],{},"long Hungarian umlaut (double acute)",[584,666,667,672,675],{},[602,668,669],{},[361,670,671],{},"\\~{o}",[602,673,674],{},"õ",[602,676,677],{},"tilde",[584,679,680,685,688],{},[602,681,682],{},[361,683,684],{},"\\c{c}",[602,686,687],{},"ç",[602,689,690],{},"cedilla",[584,692,693,698,701],{},[602,694,695],{},[361,696,697],{},"\\k{a}",[602,699,700],{},"ą",[602,702,703],{},"ogonek",[584,705,706,711,714],{},[602,707,708],{},[361,709,710],{},"\\l{}",[602,712,713],{},"ł",[602,715,716],{},"barred l (l with stroke)",[584,718,719,724,727],{},[602,720,721],{},[361,722,723],{},"\\={o}",[602,725,726],{},"ō",[602,728,729],{},"macron accent (a bar over the letter)",[584,731,732,737,740],{},[602,733,734],{},[361,735,736],{},"\\b{o}",[602,738,739],{},"o",[602,741,742],{},"bar under the letter",[584,744,745,750,753],{},[602,746,747],{},[361,748,749],{},"\\.{o}",[602,751,752],{},"ȯ",[602,754,755],{},"dot over the letter",[584,757,758,763,766],{},[602,759,760],{},[361,761,762],{},"\\d{u}",[602,764,765],{},"ụ",[602,767,768],{},"dot under the letter",[584,770,771,776,779],{},[602,772,773],{},[361,774,775],{},"\\r{a}",[602,777,778],{},"å",[602,780,781],{},"ring over the letter",[584,783,784,789,792],{},[602,785,786],{},[361,787,788],{},"\\u{o}",[602,790,791],{},"ŏ",[602,793,794],{},"breve over the letter",[584,796,797,802,805],{},[602,798,799],{},[361,800,801],{},"\\v{s}",[602,803,804],{},"š",[602,806,807],{},"caron over the letter",[584,809,810,815,818],{},[602,811,812],{},[361,813,814],{},"\\t{oo}",[602,816,817],{},"o͡o",[602,819,820],{},"\"tie\" (inverted u) over the two letters",[584,822,823,828,831],{},[602,824,825],{},[361,826,827],{},"\\o{}",[602,829,830],{},"ø",[602,832,833],{},"slashed o (o with stroke)",[584,835,836,841,844],{},[602,837,838],{},[361,839,840],{},"{\\i}",[602,842,843],{},"ı",[602,845,846],{},"dotless i (i without tittle)",[378,848,849],{},[357,850,851,853,854,372,857,860],{},[383,852,481],{}," Current versions of LaTeX do not need ",[361,855,856],{},"\\i",[361,858,859],{},"\\j"," for dotless i\u002Fj when adding diacritics (older versions required this).",[357,862,863],{},"For example, to achieve easier coding of umlauts, the babel package can be configured:",[454,865,867],{"className":456,"code":866,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\usepackage[german]{babel}\n",[361,868,869],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,870,871],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,872,866],{},[357,874,875,876,879,880,883],{},"This provides the shorthand ",[361,877,878],{},"\"o"," for ",[361,881,882],{},"\\\"o",".",[403,885,887,888,891,892],{"id":886},"less-than-and-greater-than","Less Than ",[361,889,890],{},"\u003C"," and Greater Than ",[361,893,894],{},">",[357,896,897],{},"The two symbols '\u003C' and '>' are actually ASCII characters, but you may have noticed that they will print '¡' and '¿' respectively. This is a font encoding issue. If you want them to print their real symbol, use another font encoding such as T1:",[454,899,901],{"className":456,"code":900,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}\n",[361,902,903],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,904,905],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,906,900],{},[357,908,909],{},"Alternatively, they can be printed with dedicated commands:",[454,911,913],{"className":456,"code":912,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\textless\n\\textgreater\n",[361,914,915,920],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,916,917],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,918,919],{},"\\textless\n",[462,921,922],{"class":464,"line":471},[462,923,924],{},"\\textgreater\n",[403,926,928],{"id":927},"euro-currency-symbol","Euro € Currency Symbol",[357,930,931,932,935,936,939,940,943],{},"The ",[361,933,934],{},"textcomp"," package features a ",[361,937,938],{},"\\texteuro"," command. An official version of the euro symbol is provided by ",[361,941,942],{},"eurosym",":",[454,945,947],{"className":456,"code":946,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\usepackage[official]{eurosym}\n",[361,948,949],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,950,951],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,952,946],{},[357,954,955,956,959],{},"then you can insert it with the ",[361,957,958],{},"\\euro{}"," command.",[357,961,962,963,966],{},"Alternatively, you can use the ",[361,964,965],{},"marvosym"," package:",[454,968,970],{"className":456,"code":969,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\usepackage{marvosym}\n\\EUR{}\n",[361,971,972,977],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,973,974],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,975,976],{},"\\usepackage{marvosym}\n",[462,978,979],{"class":464,"line":471},[462,980,981],{},"\\EUR{}\n",[357,983,984],{},"To make the '€' on your keyboard actually print the euro sign:",[454,986,988],{"className":456,"code":987,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\\euro{} }\n% or\n\\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\\EUR{} }\n",[361,989,990,995,1000],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,991,992],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,993,994],{},"\\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\\euro{} }\n",[462,996,997],{"class":464,"line":471},[462,998,999],{},"% or\n",[462,1001,1002],{"class":464,"line":515},[462,1003,1004],{},"\\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\\EUR{} }\n",[357,1006,1007],{},"Complete example:",[454,1009,1011],{"className":456,"code":1010,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\n\\usepackage{marvosym}\n\\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\\EUR{} }\n",[361,1012,1013,1017,1021],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,1014,1015],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,1016,507],{},[462,1018,1019],{"class":464,"line":471},[462,1020,976],{},[462,1022,1023],{"class":464,"line":515},[462,1024,1004],{},[403,1026,1028],{"id":1027},"degree-symbol-for-temperature-and-math","Degree Symbol for Temperature and Math",[357,1030,1031,1032,1035,1036,966],{},"The easiest way to print temperature and angle values is to use the ",[361,1033,1034],{},"\\SI{value}{unit}"," command from the ",[361,1037,1038],{},"siunitx",[454,1040,1042],{"className":456,"code":1041,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\usepackage{amsmath}\n\\usepackage{siunitx}\n\nA $\\SI{45}{\\degree}$ angle.\n\nIt is $\\SI{17}{\\degreeCelsius}$ outside.\n",[361,1043,1044,1049,1054,1060,1065,1069],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,1045,1046],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,1047,1048],{},"\\usepackage{amsmath}\n",[462,1050,1051],{"class":464,"line":471},[462,1052,1053],{},"\\usepackage{siunitx}\n",[462,1055,1056],{"class":464,"line":515},[462,1057,1059],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1058},true,"\n",[462,1061,1062],{"class":464,"line":521},[462,1063,1064],{},"A $\\SI{45}{\\degree}$ angle.\n",[462,1066,1067],{"class":464,"line":526},[462,1068,1059],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1058},[462,1070,1072],{"class":464,"line":1071},6,[462,1073,1074],{},"It is $\\SI{17}{\\degreeCelsius}$ outside.\n",[378,1076,1077],{},[357,1078,1079,1082,1083,1086,1087,1090,1091,1093],{},[383,1080,1081],{},"Warning:"," A common mistake is to use the ",[361,1084,1085],{},"\\circ"," command. It will not print the correct character (though ",[361,1088,1089],{},"$^\\circ$"," will). Use the ",[361,1092,934],{}," package instead.",[403,1095,1097],{"id":1096},"other-symbols","Other Symbols",[357,1099,1100],{},"LaTeX has many symbols at its disposal. For the more common text symbols, use the following commands:",[578,1102,1103,1113],{},[581,1104,1105],{},[584,1106,1107,1110],{},[587,1108,1109],{},"Command",[587,1111,1112],{},"Character",[597,1114,1115,1125,1135,1145,1155,1165,1175,1185,1194,1204,1214,1224,1234,1244,1254,1264,1274,1284,1294,1304,1313,1323,1333,1343],{},[584,1116,1117,1122],{},[602,1118,1119],{},[361,1120,1121],{},"\\%",[602,1123,1124],{},"%",[584,1126,1127,1132],{},[602,1128,1129],{},[361,1130,1131],{},"\\$",[602,1133,1134],{},"$",[584,1136,1137,1142],{},[602,1138,1139],{},[361,1140,1141],{},"\\{",[602,1143,1144],{},"{",[584,1146,1147,1152],{},[602,1148,1149],{},[361,1150,1151],{},"\\_",[602,1153,1154],{},"_",[584,1156,1157,1162],{},[602,1158,1159],{},[361,1160,1161],{},"\\P",[602,1163,1164],{},"¶",[584,1166,1167,1172],{},[602,1168,1169],{},[361,1170,1171],{},"\\ddag",[602,1173,1174],{},"‡",[584,1176,1177,1182],{},[602,1178,1179],{},[361,1180,1181],{},"\\textbar",[602,1183,1184],{},"|",[584,1186,1187,1192],{},[602,1188,1189],{},[361,1190,1191],{},"\\textgreater",[602,1193,894],{},[584,1195,1196,1201],{},[602,1197,1198],{},[361,1199,1200],{},"\\textendash",[602,1202,1203],{},"--",[584,1205,1206,1211],{},[602,1207,1208],{},[361,1209,1210],{},"\\texttrademark",[602,1212,1213],{},"™",[584,1215,1216,1221],{},[602,1217,1218],{},[361,1219,1220],{},"\\textexclamdown",[602,1222,1223],{},"¡",[584,1225,1226,1231],{},[602,1227,1228],{},[361,1229,1230],{},"\\textsuperscript{a}",[602,1232,1233],{},"Xᵃ",[584,1235,1236,1241],{},[602,1237,1238],{},[361,1239,1240],{},"\\pounds",[602,1242,1243],{},"£",[584,1245,1246,1251],{},[602,1247,1248],{},[361,1249,1250],{},"\\#",[602,1252,1253],{},"#",[584,1255,1256,1261],{},[602,1257,1258],{},[361,1259,1260],{},"\\&",[602,1262,1263],{},"&",[584,1265,1266,1271],{},[602,1267,1268],{},[361,1269,1270],{},"\\}",[602,1272,1273],{},"}",[584,1275,1276,1281],{},[602,1277,1278],{},[361,1279,1280],{},"\\S",[602,1282,1283],{},"§",[584,1285,1286,1291],{},[602,1287,1288],{},[361,1289,1290],{},"\\dag",[602,1292,1293],{},"†",[584,1295,1296,1301],{},[602,1297,1298],{},[361,1299,1300],{},"\\textbackslash",[602,1302,1303],{},"\\",[584,1305,1306,1311],{},[602,1307,1308],{},[361,1309,1310],{},"\\textless",[602,1312,890],{},[584,1314,1315,1320],{},[602,1316,1317],{},[361,1318,1319],{},"\\textemdash",[602,1321,1322],{},"—",[584,1324,1325,1330],{},[602,1326,1327],{},[361,1328,1329],{},"\\textregistered",[602,1331,1332],{},"®",[584,1334,1335,1340],{},[602,1336,1337],{},[361,1338,1339],{},"\\textquestiondown",[602,1341,1342],{},"¿",[584,1344,1345,1350],{},[602,1346,1347],{},[361,1348,1349],{},"\\copyright",[602,1351,1352],{},"©",[357,1354,1355,1356,364,1359,1362,1363,883],{},"To get a printed tilde sign, write ",[361,1357,1358],{},"\\~{}",[361,1360,1361],{},"\\textasciitilde{}",". And a visible space can be created with ",[361,1364,1365],{},"\\textvisiblespace",[403,1367,1369],{"id":1368},"in-special-environments","In Special Environments",[531,1371,1373],{"id":1372},"math-mode","Math Mode",[357,1375,1376],{},"Several accents can also be produced in math mode:",[578,1378,1379,1390],{},[581,1380,1381],{},[584,1382,1383,1385,1387],{},[587,1384,589],{},[587,1386,595],{},[587,1388,1389],{},"Text-mode equivalence",[597,1391,1392,1406,1421,1436,1450,1464,1478,1492,1506,1521,1536,1551],{},[584,1393,1394,1399,1401],{},[602,1395,1396],{},[361,1397,1398],{},"\\hat{o}",[602,1400,638],{},[602,1402,1403],{},[361,1404,1405],{},"\\^",[584,1407,1408,1413,1419],{},[602,1409,1410],{},[361,1411,1412],{},"\\widehat{oo}",[602,1414,1415,1416],{},"wide version of ",[361,1417,1418],{},"\\hat",[602,1420],{},[584,1422,1423,1428,1431],{},[602,1424,1425],{},[361,1426,1427],{},"\\check{o}",[602,1429,1430],{},"vee or check",[602,1432,1433],{},[361,1434,1435],{},"\\v",[584,1437,1438,1443,1445],{},[602,1439,1440],{},[361,1441,1442],{},"\\tilde{o}",[602,1444,677],{},[602,1446,1447],{},[361,1448,1449],{},"\\~",[584,1451,1452,1457,1462],{},[602,1453,1454],{},[361,1455,1456],{},"\\widetilde{oo}",[602,1458,1415,1459],{},[361,1460,1461],{},"\\tilde",[602,1463],{},[584,1465,1466,1471,1473],{},[602,1467,1468],{},[361,1469,1470],{},"\\acute{o}",[602,1472,625],{},[602,1474,1475],{},[361,1476,1477],{},"\\'",[584,1479,1480,1485,1487],{},[602,1481,1482],{},[361,1483,1484],{},"\\grave{o}",[602,1486,612],{},[602,1488,1489],{},[361,1490,1491],{},"\\`",[584,1493,1494,1499,1501],{},[602,1495,1496],{},[361,1497,1498],{},"\\dot{o}",[602,1500,755],{},[602,1502,1503],{},[361,1504,1505],{},"\\.",[584,1507,1508,1513,1516],{},[602,1509,1510],{},[361,1511,1512],{},"\\ddot{o}",[602,1514,1515],{},"two dots over the letter",[602,1517,1518],{},[361,1519,1520],{},"\\\"",[584,1522,1523,1528,1531],{},[602,1524,1525],{},[361,1526,1527],{},"\\breve{o}",[602,1529,1530],{},"breve",[602,1532,1533],{},[361,1534,1535],{},"\\u",[584,1537,1538,1543,1546],{},[602,1539,1540],{},[361,1541,1542],{},"\\bar{o}",[602,1544,1545],{},"macron",[602,1547,1548],{},[361,1549,1550],{},"\\=",[584,1552,1553,1558,1561],{},[602,1554,1555],{},[361,1556,1557],{},"\\vec{o}",[602,1559,1560],{},"vector (arrow) over the letter",[602,1562],{},[357,1564,1565,1566,372,1569,1572,1573,372,1576,1579],{},"When applying accents to letters ",[361,1567,1568],{},"i",[361,1570,1571],{},"j",", you can use ",[361,1574,1575],{},"\\imath",[361,1577,1578],{},"\\jmath"," to keep the dots from interfering:",[454,1581,1583],{"className":456,"code":1582,"language":363,"meta":458,"style":458},"\\hat{\\imath}  % circumflex on letter i without upper dot\n\\vec{\\jmath}  % vector on letter j without upper dot\n",[361,1584,1585,1590],{"__ignoreMap":458},[462,1586,1587],{"class":464,"line":465},[462,1588,1589],{},"\\hat{\\imath}  % circumflex on letter i without upper dot\n",[462,1591,1592],{"class":464,"line":471},[462,1593,1594],{},"\\vec{\\jmath}  % vector on letter j without upper dot\n",[531,1596,1598],{"id":1597},"tabbing-environment","Tabbing Environment",[357,1600,1601],{},"Some of the accent marks used in running text have other uses in the tabbing environment:",[411,1603,1604,1610,1616],{},[414,1605,1606,1609],{},[361,1607,1608],{},"\\a'"," for an acute accent",[414,1611,1612,1615],{},[361,1613,1614],{},"\\a`"," for a grave accent",[414,1617,1618,1621],{},[361,1619,1620],{},"\\a="," for a macron accent",[403,1623,1625],{"id":1624},"unicode-keyboard-input","Unicode Keyboard Input",[357,1627,1628],{},"Some operating systems provide a keyboard combination to input any Unicode code point:",[411,1630,1631,1647],{},[414,1632,1633,1636,1637,1640,1641,364,1644,883],{},[383,1634,1635],{},"Linux\u002FBSD",": Many X applications support the ",[361,1638,1639],{},"Ctrl+Shift+u"," combination. Type the code point and press ",[361,1642,1643],{},"enter",[361,1645,1646],{},"space",[414,1648,1649,1652,1653,1656,1657,1660],{},[383,1650,1651],{},"Windows",": Hold ",[361,1654,1655],{},"Alt"," and type a codepoint, e.g. ",[361,1658,1659],{},"Alt + 0252"," will print ü.",[1662,1663,1664],"style",{},"html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":458,"searchDepth":471,"depth":471,"links":1666},[1667,1670,1671,1673,1674,1675,1676,1680],{"id":405,"depth":471,"text":406,"children":1668},[1669],{"id":533,"depth":515,"text":534},{"id":572,"depth":471,"text":573},{"id":886,"depth":471,"text":1672},"Less Than \u003C and Greater Than >",{"id":927,"depth":471,"text":928},{"id":1027,"depth":471,"text":1028},{"id":1096,"depth":471,"text":1097},{"id":1368,"depth":471,"text":1369,"children":1677},[1678,1679],{"id":1372,"depth":515,"text":1373},{"id":1597,"depth":515,"text":1598},{"id":1624,"depth":471,"text":1625},"Learn how to handle special characters, input encoding, diacritics, and symbols in LaTeX.","md",null,{},{"title":76,"description":1681},"QpSn54QwbWkcPp8HdwNr1vr0WanRL_2GxeUSOIlb9Gg",[1688,1690],{"title":72,"path":73,"stem":74,"description":1689,"children":-1},"Learn how to create and customize itemize, enumerate, and description lists in LaTeX.",{"title":80,"path":81,"stem":82,"description":1691,"children":-1},"Learn how to typeset documents in languages other than English using Babel and Polyglossia in LaTeX.",1785155506537]