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It is primarily used for formatting text in floats or for more exotic documents.",[361,362,364],"h2",{"id":363},"paragraph-alignment","Paragraph Alignment",[357,366,367],{},"Paragraphs in LaTeX are usually fully justified, i.e. flush with both the left and right margins. 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This means that values such as extra vertical space inserted before a paragraph ",[399,519,520],{},"\\parskip"," can have a default dimension plus an amount of expansion minus an amount of contraction:",[462,523,525],{"className":464,"code":524,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\setlength{\\parskip}{1cm plus 4mm minus 3mm}\n",[399,526,527],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,528,529],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,530,524],{},[357,532,533],{},"If you want to indent a paragraph that is not indented, you can use:",[462,535,537],{"className":464,"code":536,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\indent\n",[399,538,539],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,540,541],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,542,536],{},[357,544,545],{},"at the beginning of the paragraph.",[357,547,548],{},"To create a non-indented paragraph:",[462,550,552],{"className":464,"code":551,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\noindent\n",[399,553,554],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,555,556],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,557,551],{},[357,559,560],{},"as the first command of the paragraph.",[449,562,563],{},[357,564,565,568,569,572],{},[454,566,567],{},"Tip:"," If you want to use the style of having no indentation with a space between paragraphs, use the ",[399,570,571],{},"parskip"," package:",[462,574,576],{"className":464,"code":575,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\usepackage{parskip}\n",[399,577,578],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,579,580],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,581,575],{},[357,583,584,585,588],{},"To indent subsequent lines of a paragraph, use the TeX command ",[399,586,587],{},"\\hangindent",":",[462,590,592],{"className":464,"code":591,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\hangindent=0.7cm This paragraph has an extra indentation at the left.\n",[399,593,594],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,595,596],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,597,591],{},[361,599,601],{"id":600},"paragraph-line-break","Paragraph Line Break",[357,603,604,605,608],{},"Default style for ",[399,606,607],{},"\\paragraph"," may seem odd in the first place, as it writes the following text next to the title. If you do not like it, use a class other than the traditional article\u002Fbook.",[357,610,611,612,615],{},"If you add a manual line break with ",[399,613,614],{},"\\\\",", LaTeX will complain. Simply adding an empty space will do it:",[462,617,619],{"className":464,"code":618,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\paragraph{Title} \\hspace{0pt} \\\\\nText...\n",[399,620,621,626],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,622,623],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,624,625],{},"\\paragraph{Title} \\hspace{0pt} \\\\\n",[471,627,628],{"class":473,"line":480},[471,629,630],{},"Text...\n",[357,632,633],{},"Alternatively:",[462,635,637],{"className":464,"code":636,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\paragraph{Title} ~\\\\\nText...\n",[399,638,639,644],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,640,641],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,642,643],{},"\\paragraph{Title} ~\\\\\n",[471,645,646],{"class":473,"line":480},[471,647,630],{},[361,649,651],{"id":650},"line-spacing","Line Spacing",[357,653,654,655,658],{},"To change line spacing in the whole document use the command ",[399,656,657],{},"\\linespread"," covered in Text Formatting.",[357,660,661,662,665],{},"Alternatively, you can use the ",[399,663,664],{},"setspace"," package which provides the following environments:",[667,668,669,676,682,688],"ul",{},[670,671,672,675],"li",{},[454,673,674],{},"doublespace",": lines are double spaced",[670,677,678,681],{},[454,679,680],{},"onehalfspace",": line spacing set to one-and-half spacing",[670,683,684,687],{},[454,685,686],{},"singlespace",": normal line spacing",[670,689,690,693,694],{},[454,691,692],{},"spacing",": customizable line spacing, e.g. ",[399,695,696],{},"\\begin{spacing}{\\baselinestretch} ... \\end{spacing}",[361,698,700],{"id":699},"manual-breaks","Manual Breaks",[357,702,703],{},"LaTeX takes care of formatting, breaks included. You should avoid manual breaking as much as possible, for it could lead to very bad formatting.",[369,705,706,715],{},[372,707,708],{},[375,709,710,712],{},[378,711,386],{},[378,713,714],{},"Description",[388,716,717,727,735,745,755,765],{},[375,718,719,724],{},[393,720,721],{},[399,722,723],{},"\\newline",[393,725,726],{},"Breaks the line at the point of the command.",[375,728,729,733],{},[393,730,731],{},[399,732,614],{},[393,734,726],{},[375,736,737,742],{},[393,738,739],{},[399,740,741],{},"\\\\[extra-space]",[393,743,744],{},"Breaks the line with extra vertical space before the next line.",[375,746,747,752],{},[393,748,749],{},[399,750,751],{},"\\\\*",[393,753,754],{},"Breaks the line and prohibits a page break after the forced line break.",[375,756,757,762],{},[393,758,759],{},[399,760,761],{},"\\linebreak[number]",[393,763,764],{},"Breaks the line. The number represents priority (0-4).",[375,766,767,772],{},[393,768,769],{},[399,770,771],{},"\\par",[393,773,774],{},"Ends the current paragraph. Equivalent to leaving a blank line.",[449,776,777],{},[357,778,779,781,782,785],{},[454,780,456],{}," If you use these commands to put a break in a section heading, the line will also be broken in the table of contents. To avoid such a division, you can use the ",[399,783,784],{},"\\section[]{}"," command.",[361,787,789],{"id":788},"special-paragraphs","Special Paragraphs",[791,792,794],"h3",{"id":793},"verbatim-text","Verbatim Text",[357,796,797,798,801],{},"There are several ways to introduce text that won't be interpreted by the compiler. If you use the ",[399,799,800],{},"verbatim"," environment, everything input between the begin and end commands is processed as if by a typewriter:",[462,803,805],{"className":464,"code":804,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\begin{verbatim}\nThe verbatim environment\n  simply reproduces every\n character you input,\nincluding all  s p a c e s!\n\\end{verbatim}\n",[399,806,807,812,817,823,829,835],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,808,809],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,810,811],{},"\\begin{verbatim}\n",[471,813,814],{"class":473,"line":480},[471,815,816],{},"The verbatim environment\n",[471,818,820],{"class":473,"line":819},3,[471,821,822],{},"  simply reproduces every\n",[471,824,826],{"class":473,"line":825},4,[471,827,828],{}," character you input,\n",[471,830,832],{"class":473,"line":831},5,[471,833,834],{},"including all  s p a c e s!\n",[471,836,838],{"class":473,"line":837},6,[471,839,840],{},"\\end{verbatim}\n",[357,842,843,844,494],{},"Note: once in the verbatim environment, the only command that will be recognized is ",[399,845,846],{},"\\end{verbatim}",[357,848,849,850,853],{},"If this is a problem, you can use the ",[399,851,852],{},"alltt"," package instead:",[462,855,857],{"className":464,"code":856,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\begin{alltt}\nVerbatim extended with the ability\nto use normal commands.  Therefore, it\nis possible to \\emph{emphasize} words in\nthis environment, for example.\n\\end{alltt}\n",[399,858,859,864,869,874,879,884],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,860,861],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,862,863],{},"\\begin{alltt}\n",[471,865,866],{"class":473,"line":480},[471,867,868],{},"Verbatim extended with the ability\n",[471,870,871],{"class":473,"line":819},[471,872,873],{},"to use normal commands.  Therefore, it\n",[471,875,876],{"class":473,"line":825},[471,877,878],{},"is possible to \\emph{emphasize} words in\n",[471,880,881],{"class":473,"line":831},[471,882,883],{},"this environment, for example.\n",[471,885,886],{"class":473,"line":837},[471,887,888],{},"\\end{alltt}\n",[357,890,891,892,895],{},"For a short verbatim phrase, use the ",[399,893,894],{},"\\verb"," command:",[462,897,899],{"className":464,"code":898,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\verb+my text+\n",[399,900,901],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,902,903],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,904,898],{},[906,907,909],"h4",{"id":908},"typesetting-urls","Typesetting URLs",[357,911,912,913,916,917,920,921,895],{},"The ",[399,914,915],{},"hyperref"," or ",[399,918,919],{},"url"," package provides the ",[399,922,923],{},"\\url",[462,925,927],{"className":464,"code":926,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"Go to \\url{http:\u002F\u002Fwww.uni.edu\u002F~myname\u002Fbest-website-ever.html} for my website.\n",[399,928,929],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,930,931],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,932,926],{},[357,934,935,936,938],{},"When using this command through the ",[399,937,915],{}," package, the URL is \"clickable\" in the PDF document.",[791,940,942],{"id":941},"multiline-comments","Multiline Comments",[357,944,945,946,949,950,952,953,956],{},"The only way LaTeX allows you to add comments is by using the special character ",[399,947,948],{},"%",". Alternatively, you can use the ",[399,951,800],{}," package to use the ",[399,954,955],{},"comment"," environment:",[462,958,960],{"className":464,"code":959,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"\\usepackage{verbatim}\n\nThis is another\n\\begin{comment}\nrather stupid,\nbut helpful\n\\end{comment}\nexample for embedding\ncomments in your document.\n",[399,961,962,967,973,978,983,988,993,999,1005],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,963,964],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,965,966],{},"\\usepackage{verbatim}\n",[471,968,969],{"class":473,"line":480},[471,970,972],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":971},true,"\n",[471,974,975],{"class":473,"line":819},[471,976,977],{},"This is another\n",[471,979,980],{"class":473,"line":825},[471,981,982],{},"\\begin{comment}\n",[471,984,985],{"class":473,"line":831},[471,986,987],{},"rather stupid,\n",[471,989,990],{"class":473,"line":837},[471,991,992],{},"but helpful\n",[471,994,996],{"class":473,"line":995},7,[471,997,998],{},"\\end{comment}\n",[471,1000,1002],{"class":473,"line":1001},8,[471,1003,1004],{},"example for embedding\n",[471,1006,1008],{"class":473,"line":1007},9,[471,1009,1010],{},"comments in your document.\n",[791,1012,1014],{"id":1013},"skipping-parts-of-the-source","Skipping Parts of the Source",[357,1016,1017,1018,1021],{},"A more robust way of making the TeX engine skip some part of the source is to use the TeX ",[399,1019,1020],{},"\\iffalse","-conditional:",[462,1023,1025],{"className":464,"code":1024,"language":466,"meta":467,"style":467},"This we want to keep\n\n\\iffalse % ----- START THE CUT ---------\nBut this part we want to skip\n\\fi % ---------- END THE CUT -----------\n\nHere it begins again\n",[399,1026,1027,1032,1036,1041,1046,1051,1055],{"__ignoreMap":467},[471,1028,1029],{"class":473,"line":474},[471,1030,1031],{},"This we want to keep\n",[471,1033,1034],{"class":473,"line":480},[471,1035,972],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":971},[471,1037,1038],{"class":473,"line":819},[471,1039,1040],{},"\\iffalse % ----- START THE CUT ---------\n",[471,1042,1043],{"class":473,"line":825},[471,1044,1045],{},"But this part we want to skip\n",[471,1047,1048],{"class":473,"line":831},[471,1049,1050],{},"\\fi % ---------- END THE CUT -----------\n",[471,1052,1053],{"class":473,"line":837},[471,1054,972],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":971},[471,1056,1057],{"class":473,"line":995},[471,1058,1059],{},"Here it begins again\n",[791,1061,1063],{"id":1062},"quoting-text","Quoting Text",[357,1065,1066],{},"LaTeX provides several environments for quoting text:",[667,1068,1069,1075,1081],{},[670,1070,1071,1074],{},[454,1072,1073],{},"quote",": for a short quotation, or a series of small quotes, separated by blank lines.",[670,1076,1077,1080],{},[454,1078,1079],{},"quotation",": for use with longer quotations, of more than one paragraph, because it indents the first line of each paragraph.",[670,1082,1083,1086,1087,494],{},[454,1084,1085],{},"verse",": is for quotations where line breaks are important, such as poetry. New stanzas are created with a blank line, and new lines within a stanza are indicated using the newline command ",[399,1088,614],{},[791,1090,1092],{"id":1091},"abstracts","Abstracts",[357,1094,1095],{},"In scientific publications it is customary to start with an abstract which gives the reader a quick overview of what to expect. See Document Structure.",[1097,1098,1099],"style",{},"html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":467,"searchDepth":480,"depth":480,"links":1101},[1102,1103,1104,1105,1106,1107],{"id":363,"depth":480,"text":364},{"id":497,"depth":480,"text":498},{"id":600,"depth":480,"text":601},{"id":650,"depth":480,"text":651},{"id":699,"depth":480,"text":700},{"id":788,"depth":480,"text":789,"children":1108},[1109,1110,1111,1112,1113],{"id":793,"depth":819,"text":794},{"id":941,"depth":819,"text":942},{"id":1013,"depth":819,"text":1014},{"id":1062,"depth":819,"text":1063},{"id":1091,"depth":819,"text":1092},"Learn paragraph alignment, indentation, line spacing, manual breaks, and special paragraph environments in LaTeX.","md",null,{},{"title":60,"description":1114},"HI41iXoTQJ767nBwtwMUO2MTZXreutvX5UcUYv3DZzA",[1121,1123],{"title":56,"path":57,"stem":58,"description":1122,"children":-1},"Learn text formatting techniques in LaTeX including spacing, hyphenation, quote marks, diacritics, ligatures, and more.",{"title":64,"path":65,"stem":66,"description":1124,"children":-1},"Learn about font families, emphasizing text, font styles, sizing text, and using alternative fonts in LaTeX.",1785155505542]